- Doctor of Physical Therapy
- Master of Science in Nursing Administration
- MFA in Design Thinking
- Health Sciences Dual Degree Track (MS to DHSC)
- Physician Assistant
- Teacher Education & Leadership
- Master's Degrees in Music
- Doctor of Health Sciences
- Master of Social Work
- English Graduate Programs
- MFA in Studio Art
- Family Nurse Practitioner
- Counselor Education
- Master of Criminal Justice
- Master of Business Administration
- Doctor of Nursing Practice
- Doctor of Occupational Therapy
- Master of Healthcare Administration
- Master of Science in Health Sciences
- M.S. in Strategic Communication
Faculty
Dr. Bakhitah Abdul-Ra'uf
Associate Professor of Criminal Justice
Study Abroad Program Faculty Director
Contact
Office: CHBS Building, Room 5027
Phone: 540-831-6338
Email: bbabdulr@radford.edu
Background
- Ph.D., University of South Florida
- M.A., Antioch University
- B.S., Cheyney State University
Dr. Abdul-Ra'uf joined the Radford University faculty in 1993.
Interests
Dr. Bakhitah Abdul-Ra’uf is a Socio-Cultural and Applied Anthropologist, and Associate Professor of Criminal Justice. She holds a Ph.D. from the University of South Florida. Her research interest includes Police-Community Relations, Social Justice Mediation (training certificate, U of Mass, Amherst), Shari’a (Islamic Law) and Comparative Criminal Justice Systems. She has worked with the police in Virginia and Florida where she conducted ethnographic studies. The Florida study included attending the police academy as a full participant observer. She has also observed the Auckland New Zealand Police while living with a Maori (indigenous population) family. Dr. Abdul-Ra’uf has observed both the Finnish Police in Joensuu, Finland, and students/recruits at the Police College of Finland in Tampere, Finland. While at the Police College of Finland, she presented research that she conducted with the Blacksburg, VA Police Department. Graduate courses taught include, Social Awareness, Qualitative Research Methods and a number of seminars including, Understanding Police Organizations.
Recent Professional Activities
Dr. Abdul-Ra’uf recently authored The Blacksburg VA Police Department: A Model of Professionalism and Social Justice in the Law Enforcement Executive Forum Journal. This publication is based on her most recent ethnographic research project which focused on police subculture, emphasizing the socially defined role of the police in Blacksburg, VA. The research also examined the training and socialization process which conceptualizes the life style or role of the police officer from their points of view, their definitions of reality, and the conditions that promote favorable relations within the community. The significance of the study was to focus on street level or patrol officers, and resided in efforts to identify Social Justice issues that create and nurture favorable relations between the police and communities in general. The goal of the project was to describe, using an ethnographic approach, the police occupational subculture as it relates to current police training and practices, the relationship between the police and the community, and a comparison of practices relating to police-community practices between Blacksburg Police (small college town) practices and that of a previous ethnography conducted by Dr. Abdul-Ra’uf of the police in a mid-size city. Having gone through a police academy in Florida as a recruit, Dr. Abdul-Ra’uf was accepted not just as a ride along and observer, but as someone who could relate to the general subculture of the police. Dr. Abdul-Ra’uf continues her relationship with the Blacksburg Police Department as she and Sgt. Kale Craver are currently examining municipal and police leadership. Additional information about professional activities is available on Dr. Abdul-Ra'uf's vita.
Dr. Riane Bolin
Assistant Criminal Justice Professor
CONTACT
Office: CHBS Building, Room 5405
Phone: 540-831-7547
E-Mail: rbolin1@radford.edu
Background
- Ph.D., University of South Carolina
- M.S., University of North Carolina - Charlotte
- B.A., North Carolina State University
Dr. Bolin joined the Radford University faculty in 2014.
Interests
Dr. Bolin's current research interests include a variety of issues related to juvenile justice and delinquency, including juvenile corrections, delinquency prevention, drug use, and victimization.
Recent Professional Activities
Dr. Bolin has been working on projects in a number of different research areas. Her work with Dr. Pate on undergraduate substance use has led to two publications; one with former undergraduate student Jenna McClintock exploring the impact of substance use among college students was published in The Social Science Journal and another examining the impact of strain on non-medical prescription drug use was accepted for publication in the Journal of Drug Issues. Additionally, she had an article entitled, “Drug use and abuse as primary motivators for male and female involvement in burglary: A comparison of self-reported differences among a random sample of male and female burglars” published in the Journal of Drug Issues. Dr. Bolin also has had two publications recently accepted for publication in The Journal of Crime and Justice and Corrections: Policy, Practice, and Research. Dr. Bolin’s current projects involve the professional orientation of probation and parole officers as well as public opinion of blended sentencing.
Dr. Tod Burke
Professor of Criminal Justice
Retired
CONTACT
E-Mail: burketod@gmail.com
Background
- Ph.D., City University of New York, John Jay College of Criminal Justice
- M.Phil., City University of New York, John Jay College of Criminal Justice
- M.F.S., The George Washington University
- B.A., University of Maryland - College Park
Dr. Burke joined the Radford University faculty in 1995 and retired in 2017.
Interests
A former Maryland police officer, Dr. Burke's research interests include school/campus violence, domestic violence, serial and mass murder, and issues in policing and forensic science. At Radford University, Dr. Burke serves as advisor to the Delta Chi Fraternity and to the Lambda Alpha Epsilon criminal justice fraternity. In his spare time, Dr. Burke is an avid tennis player and is the proud parent to a beautiful pup, Stella.
"A positive attitude may not solve all your problems, but it will annoy enough people to make it worth the effort."
-Herm Albright, 1876-1944
Recent Professional Activities
Dr. Burke was the 2016 recipient of the Richard Tewksbury Award by the Western Society of Criminology, was the 2016 Radford University Foundation Distinguished Creative Scholar Award, was the 2014 recipient of the College of Humanities and Behavioral Sciences Distinguished Scholar Award, and the 2012 recipient of the Radford University Distinguished Service Award. Dr. Burke is regular commentator on criminal justice issues for many national and local media outlets.
Dr. Jack Call
Professor of Criminal Justice
Criminal Justice Internship Coordinator
Contact
Office: CHBS Building, Room 5308
Phone: 540-831-5391
E-Mail: jcall@radford.edu
Personal webpage
Background
- Ph.D., University of Georgia
- J.D., College of William and Mary
- B.S., Ball State University
Dr. Call joined the Radford University faculty in 1985. He served as the first Chair of the Department of Criminal Justice.
Advising Sign-Ups: Sign up for an appointment with Dr. Call by clicking here, to use his Google Docs sign-in sheet. After signing up for an appointment, please email Dr. Call, letting him know that you have signed up for an appointment and monitor your email close to the time of the appointment. If something happens that Dr. Call cannot be on campus for your appointment, he will try to contact you by email as soon as possible. DO NOT LEAVE YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS OR PHONE NUMBER on the advising sign-up sheet, because it is viewable by the public.
Interests
Dr. Call's research interests include constitutional rights of the accused and prisoners' rights.
Recent Professional Activities
Dr. Call was the 2005 recipient of the Radford University Distinguished Service Award, which recognizes faculty for their outstanding service contributions.
Dr. Call's recent publications include:
- "The Roberts Court and Police Practices: The Impact of Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Alito in Police Practices Cases," American Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 35, No. 4 (December 2010), pp. 236-249.
- Book Review, Offending Women: Power, Punishment, and the Regulation of Desire, by Lynne A. Haney, The Law and Politics Book Review, (December 2010), pp. 684-689.
- Book Review, Indefensible: One Lawyer’s Journey into the Inferno of American Justice, by David Feige, The Law and Politics Book Review, Vol.18, No. 3 (March 2008), pp. 204-207
- Book Review, The Most Democratic Branch: How the Courts Serve America, by Jeffrey Rosen, The Law and Politics Book Review, Vol. 17, No. 8 (August, 2007), pp. 675-681
- Book Review, The Innocent Man, by John Grisham, The Law and Politics Book Review, Vol. 17, No. 7 (July, 2007), pp. 602-608
- “The Supreme Court and Police Practices: The Last Two Terms,” The American Journal of Criminal Justice, Vol. 31, No. 2 (June 2007), pp. 105-119
- Essay, “Constitutional Rights: Search and Seizure,” The Encyclopedia of Police Science (2006), edited by Jack Raymond Greene, Routledge Publishing
Dr. Lori Elis
Professor of Criminal Justice
Criminal Justice Graduate Coordinator
Contact
Office: CHBS Building, room 5028
Phone: 540-831-6775
E-Mail: lelis@radford.edu
Background
- Ph.D., University of Maryland, College Park
- M.A., University of Maryland, College Park
- B.A., University of Maryland, College Park
Dr. Elis joined the Radford University faculty in 2007.
Interests
Dr. Elis' research interests include gender and crime, developmental theories of crime, domestic violence, and the examination of patterns of sentencing disparity in Virginia.
Recent Professional Activities
Dr. Elis' recent professional activities include publications in the areas of police responses to domestic violence, restorative justice, and an empirical test of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime.
Dr. Egan Kyle Green
Professor of Criminal Justice
Extended Campus Coordinator
Contact
Office: CHBS Building, Room 5038A
Phone: 540-831-5995
E-Mail: ekgreen@radford.edu
Background
- Ph.D., Indiana University of Pennsylvania
- M.A., East Tennessee State University
- B.S., Appalachian State University
Dr. Green joined the Radford University faculty in 2005.
Interests
Dr. Green's research explores rural crime, with a focus on wildlife crime and wildlife law enforcement; he also conducts research on illicit liquor manufacturing and distribution.
Recent Professional Activities
Dr. Green recently authored an article titled Culture Conflict Between Moonshiners and the Government: An Explanation of Jury Nullification and Nolle Prosequi in Illicit Alcohol Offenses in Rural Communities that was published in the International Journal of Rural Criminology. This is the first academic research article addressing illicit moonshine to ever be published in a criminological journal. He also authored an article titled Judging the Effectiveness of Anti-Poaching Hotlines that is published in the Journal of Rural Social Sciences. Dr. Green recently finished revisions to the 8th edition of The Police Manager. He is conducting fieldwork on wildlife crime during the fall 2017 semester.
Dr. Nicole Hendrix
Professor of Criminal Justice
Interim Core Curriculum Director
Washington, DC Travel Study Program Coordinator
Contact
Office: CHBS Building, Room 5038B
Phone: 540-831-6161
E-Mail: pnhendrix@radford.edu
Background
- Ph.D., University at Albany
- M.S., University of North Carolina at Charlotte
- B.S., University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Dr. Hendrix joined the Radford University faculty in 2006.
Interests
Dr. Hendrix’s current research interests include a variety of criminal justice topics, including police use of force, gender and justice issues, firearm related topics, specifically the purchase, storage, and carrying of guns.
Recent Professional Activities
Dr. Hendrix focuses much of her professional activities on those that increase partnerships with criminal justice agencies and provide enriching experiences for her students. Recently, her undergraduate research methods students partnered with political science students from Dr. Tanya Corbin’s course on disaster policy to conduct a survey of City of Radford residents on the needs and resources available for responding to crises and disasters. Dr. Hendrix presented findings resulting from collaborations with graduate students at both the American Society of Criminology and Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. Her current work examines cultural determinants of gun ownership and the role of media depictions of gun policy.
Recent Publications
Verrecchia, Philip J. and Nicole Hendrix. (2016) “The Effects of Self-Classification on Perceptions of Security Levels and Civil Liberties Among a Sample of College Students,” Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression
Misis, Marcos L., Michael D. Bush, and Nicole Hendrix. (2016). “An examination of College Students’ Fears about Terrorism and the Likelihood of a Terrorist Attack,” Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression.
Verrecchia, Philip J. and Nicole Hendrix. (2015) “The Effects of Individual Characteristics on Perceptions of Security Levels and Civil Liberties: An Examination Over a Decade After 9/11,” Virginia Social Science Journal.
Corbin, Tanya and Nicole Hendrix. (2014) “The Demise of the American Middle Class and the Rise of the Police State,” in Global Criminal and Sovereign Free Economies and the Demise of the Western Democracies: Dark Renaissance edited by Robert Bunker and Pamela Bunker.
Hendrix, Nicole. (2014) “Integrating Criminal Justice Professionals into the Research Methods Classroom", The Criminologist, publication for the American Society of Criminology, edited by Dr. Charisse Coston
Hendrix, Nicole. (2013) Experience Criminal Justice, 1E, New York, New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing.
Dr. Lucy Edwards Hochstein
Professor of Criminal Justice
Contact
Office: CHBS Building, Room 5026
Phone: 540-831-6163
E-Mail: lhochstei@radford.edu
Background
- Ph.D., Washington State University
- M.A., Washington State University
- B.A., Seattle University
Dr. Hochstein joined the Radford University faculty in 2000.
Interests
Dr. Hendrix’s current research interests include a variety of criminal justice topics, including police use of force, gender and justice issues, firearm related topics, specifically the purchase, storage, and carrying of guns.
Recent Professional Activities
Dr. Hendrix focuses much of her professional activities on those that increase partnerships with criminal justice agencies and provide enriching experiences for her students. Recently, her undergraduate research methods students partnered with political science students from Dr. Tanya Corbin’s course on disaster policy to conduct a survey of City of Radford residents on the needs and resources available for responding to crises and disasters. Dr. Hendrix presented findings resulting from collaborations with graduate students at both the American Society of Criminology and Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. Her current work examines cultural determinants of gun ownership and the role of media depictions of gun policy.
Recent Publications
Verrecchia, Philip J. and Nicole Hendrix. (2016) “The Effects of Self-Classification on Perceptions of Security Levels and Civil Liberties Among a Sample of College Students,” Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression
Misis, Marcos L., Michael D. Bush, and Nicole Hendrix. (2016). “An examination of College Students’ Fears about Terrorism and the Likelihood of a Terrorist Attack,” Behavioral Sciences of Terrorism and Political Aggression.
Verrecchia, Philip J. and Nicole Hendrix. (2015) “The Effects of Individual Characteristics on Perceptions of Security Levels and Civil Liberties: An Examination Over a Decade After 9/11,” Virginia Social Science Journal.
Corbin, Tanya and Nicole Hendrix. (2014) “The Demise of the American Middle Class and the Rise of the Police State,” in Global Criminal and Sovereign Free Economies and the Demise of the Western Democracies: Dark Renaissance edited by Robert Bunker and Pamela Bunker.
Hendrix, Nicole. (2014) “Integrating Criminal Justice Professionals into the Research Methods Classroom", The Criminologist, publication for the American Society of Criminology, edited by Dr. Charisse Coston
Hendrix, Nicole. (2013) Experience Criminal Justice, 1E, New York, New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing.
Dr. Luke William Hunt
Associate Professor of Criminal Justice
Prelaw Advisor
Contact
Office: CHBS Building, Room 5311
Phone: 540-831-6367
E-Mail: lhunt8@radford.edu
Personal webpage: lukewilliamhunt.com
Background
- Ph.D., University of Virginia
- M.A., University of Virginia
- J.D., University of Tennessee
- B.A., University of Arkansas
Dr. Hunt joined the Radford University Faculty in 2016.
Interests
Luke William Hunt is an Associate Professor in the Department of Criminal Justice. His primary research interests are at the intersection of political philosophy, jurisprudence, and criminal justice, and are informed by his professional background. After graduating from law school, he was a law clerk for a federal judge in Abingdon, VA. He then worked as an FBI Special Agent and Supervisory Special Agent in Charlottesville, VA, and Washington, D.C. After leaving government service, he completed his Ph.D. at the University of Virginia.
Recent Professional Activities
Dr. Hunt is the author of The Retrieval of Liberalism in Policing (Oxford University Press, 2019), which examines the limits of contemporary police practices given the basic tenets of the liberal tradition in legal and political philosophy. His recent articles include "The Law in Plato's Laws: A Reading of the 'Classical Thesis,'" Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought, 35.1 (2018); "Norms, Narratives, and Politics," Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 101.2 (2018); "Legal Speech and Implicit Content in the Law," Ratio Juris, 29.1 (2016); "What the Epistemic Account of Vagueness Means for Legal Interpretation," Law and Philosophy, 35.1 (2016); and "The Global Ethics of Helping and Harming," Human Rights Quarterly, 36.4 (2014). Recent conference presentations include work on surveillance discretion at the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS) annual conference, New Orleans, Louisiana (2018); work on entrapment at the Central Division Meeting of the American Philosophical Association (APA), Chicago, Illinois (2018), and at the ACJS annual conference, Kansas City, Missouri (2017); and work on vagueness and legal interpretation at the APA Pacific Division Meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia (2015).
Other writings include "The Possible World Defense: Why Our Current Legal Thinking about Entrapment is Philosophically Suspect" (American Philosophical Association); "Ice Cube and the philosophical foundations of community policing" (Oxford University Press); "Liberalism and Policing: The State We're In" (In the Long Run, University of Cambridge); and "Informants, Police, and Unconscionability" (Institute of Art and Ideas).
Dr. Margaret Pate
Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice
Contact
Office: CHBS Building, Room 5403
Phone: 540-831-6339
E-Mail: mpate1@radford.edu
Background
- Ph.D., University of Florida
- B.A., B.S., M.S., Niagara University
Dr. Pate joined the Radford University faculty in 2014.
Interests
Dr. Pate has several distinct areas of research. One of Dr. Pate's research interests include the decision-making process that begins with the apprehension of a suspect all the way to conviction for the various actors in the criminal justice system, including law enforcement, attorneys, and jurors, specifically decisions about evidence and perceptions of guilt. Dr. Pate also conducts research on various teaching practices and the influence of these practices on student engagement and academic performance. Finally, Dr. Pate is also interested in issues of substance use among undergraduate students, including both the causes and consequences of such use.
Recent Professional Activities
Dr. Pate presented findings from two recent research projects on jurors’ use and comprehension of genetic evidence in a criminal trial at the American Society of Criminology conference in Philadelphia in November 2017. Dr. Pate has also recently published articles in each of her research areas, in journals such as Criminal Justice and Behavior, Journal of Criminal Justice Education, and The Social Science Journal.
Dr. Rachel Boba Santos
PROFESSOR OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Co-Director, Center for police practice, policy and research
Contact
Office: CHBS Building, Room 4505 in Suite 4501
Phone: 540-831-5061
E-Mail: rsantos5@radford.edu
Background
- Ph.D. Arizona State University
- M.A. Arizona State University
- B.A. California Lutheran University
Dr. Santos joined the faculty in 2016.
INTERESTS
Dr. Santos interests include conducting practice-based research which is implementing and evaluating evidence-based practices in the “real world” of criminal justice. In particular, she seeks to improve crime prevention and crime reduction efforts by police in areas such as crime analysis, problem solving, accountability, as well as leadership and organizational change. She and Dr. Roberto Santos co-created Stratified Policing which is an organizational model for systemizing proactive crime reduction strategies in police departments. Other areas of research include police/researcher partnerships, police/community collaboration, hot spot and problem-oriented policing, predictive policing, environmental criminology, crime and place, police/crime data and technology, experimental research methodology, and program evaluation.
RECENT PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY
Dr. Santos’ recent professional activity includes leading a Virginia Department of Criminal Justice Services grant to assist police departments in Virginia implementing proactive policing strategies and crime analysis. She is working with a state police agency in the Northeast and local police departments in Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, and California to improve their community collaboration efforts and implement Stratified Policing. She has completed two experiments partnering with a police agency to test the effectiveness of systematic police response in both short-term and long-term property crime hot spots and has served as a subject matter expert for the Bureau of Justice Assistance to develop a crime analysis toolkit. She regularly conducts presentations at state and international conferences, publishes peer-reviewed journal articles and guidebooks for police, as well as writes and administers grant funded research and technical assistance. She recently completed the fourth edition her book, Crime Analysis with Crime Mapping (Sage Publications, 2017) the only sole-authored textbook for crime analysis. Additional information about Dr. Santos’ research, publications, and other professional activities is available on her curriculum vita.
Dr. Roberto Santos
Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice
Co-Director, Center for Police Practice, Policy and Research
Contact
Office: CHBS Building, Room 4506
Phone: 540-831-5157
E-Mail: rsantos4@radford.edu
Background
- Ph.D. Nova Southeastern University
- M.S. Florida Atlantic University
- B.S. Barry University
Dr. Santos joined the faculty in 2016.
Interests
Dr. Santos is a retired police commander from a large police agency in Florida where after 22 years worked in, supervised, and commanded every division within the agency. As such, his interests lie in policing. He assists police agencies and conducts evidence-based and practice-based research to “translate” research to practice and vice versa. Dr. Santos focuses on areas of crime reduction approaches and strategies, crime and place, environmental criminology, police use-of-force, police training, criminal investigations, organizational change and leadership, police and community partnerships, crime analysis, and experimental research methodology.
Recent Professional Activities
Dr. Santos co-created a crime reduction approach, called Stratified Policing, that provides the means for a police organization to systematize and sustain proactive crime reduction practices taking “what works” and “making it work” within the police organization. He is active in assisting police agencies around the U.S. and internationally in organizational change, evaluation, and sustainability processes for institutionalizing crime reduction strategies, crime analysis, and accountability. In addition, he has conducted a quasi-experiment and random controlled trial (RCT) testing police response in, what he has coined as, “micro-time hot spots.” This work has resulted in recent grant funding, several peer-reviewed journal articles, and a police guidebook. Dr. Santos was inducted into George Mason University’s Evidence-Based Policing Hall of Fame for leading rigorous research and the implementation of evidence-based practices into day-to-day police operations. Dr. Santos completed work with the Office of Community-Oriented Policing Services to publish a guidebook to assist police supervisors to implement and carry out community-oriented policing. Dr. Santos is the co-PI for a grant to assist Virginia police departments to institutionalize evidence-based practices and Stratified Policing. He recently presented at Universitas Miguel Hernandez in Elche, Spain on the results from a blind RCT as well as to the United States Senate Judiciary Committee in Washington, D.C., for Vera Institute of Justice on data-driven, effective public safety systems and solutions. Additional information about Dr. Santos’ research, publications, and other professional activities is available on his curriculum vita.
Dr. Shawn Smith
Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice
Contact
Office: CHBS Building, Room 5401
Phone: 540-831-5593
E-Mail: ssmith479@radford.edu
Background
- Ph.D., Old Dominion University
- M.A., Old Dominion University
- B.S., West Virginia University
Dr. Smith joined the Radford University faculty in 2016.
INTERESTS
Dr. 'Shawn Smith is a criminologist and assistant professor specializing in traditional and contemporary ecological crime modeling and public policy development. Within these scopes, his recent research and pedagogy includes urban-to-rural comparisons in crime theory (U.S. and international), emerging technologies in criminal justice, and digital victimization (e.g., cybercrime).
RECENT PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
Dr. Smith is a regular participant of several national and international conferences, and regularly mentors both undergraduate and graduate students in the pursuit of their respective research interests. Of late, Dr. Smith has also been active in unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) implementation and literacy for criminal justice students and practitioners both on campus and the surrounding New River Valley community.
Dr. Isaac Van Patten
Professor of Criminal Justice
Contact
Office: CHBS Building, Room 5038C
Phone: 540-831-6737
E-Mail: ivanpatt@radford.edu
Personal webpage
Background
- Ph.D., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
- M.Ed., Boston University
- B.A., Hampden-Sydney College
Dr. Van Patten joined the Radford University faculty in 1996.
Interests
Dr. Van Patten's current research endeavors are in the spatial analysis of violent crime, techniques of analytical crime mapping, geographic profiling and crime analysis.
Recent Professional Activities
- Journey to crime and crime pattern analysis of sexual homicides in Los Angeles County, for the period 1980 to 2004
- Journey to crime and crime pattern analysis of child-victim homicides in Los Angeles County, for the period 2000 to 2006
- Journey to crime and crime pattern analysis of prostitute-victim homicides in Los Angeles County, for the period 1980 to 2006
- Exploratory spatial data analysis, violent crime pattern analysis and social disorganization in Roanoke Neighborhoods, for the period 2004 to 2006
- Sex offender re-entry pattern analysis and exclusion zones, District 28 Probation & Parole, Radford
- Violence assessment protocol for use in behavioral profiling
- Jail diversion program evaluation for mentally ill offenders