ix Contents                                                                 additional pages: xi - xii

Chapter 5

Biology and Environment:

The Process of Becoming Female or Male  177

The Biological Process of Sexual Differentiation  179

Do Physical Sex Differences Have Implications for Behavior?  188

Gender Roles: Variations in Normal Development  197

Gender Identity  206

Sexual Orientation  215

Summary  217

Key Terms  218

Chapter 6

Perceptual and Cognitive Abilities:

Gender Similarities and Differences  219

The Greater Male Variability Hypothesis  220

Gender Differences in Intellectual Performance  222

Explaining the Differences  232

Summary  254

Key Terms 255

Chapter 7

Sexual Lives and Orientations  256

The Double Standard  257

The Physiology of Sexual Response  258

Sexual Activity  274

Explaining Gender Differences in Sexuality  291

Sexual Orientation   293

Sexuality and Power: Erotica, Pornography, and Coercive Sexuality   299

Summary  308

Key Terms 309

x   Contents

Chapter 8

Hormonal and Reproductive Connections  310

The Menstrual Cycle  312

Hormones and the Male Experience  329

Pregnancy and Childbirth  332

Menopause  348

Summary  352

Key Terms  353

Chapter 9

Mental and Physical Health:

Stress, Change, and Adaptations  354

Vulnerability and Strength  355

Gender and Physical Health  362

Women, Men, and Mental Illness  374

Gender and Mental Health  387

Summary  400

Key Terms  400

PART III: Sex and Gender in Social Relationships

Chapter 10

Sex and Gender and Childhood: Constructing Gender  401

“Getting the Word”: Sources of Early Gender Learning  403

Constructing an Identity: The Relational and Individual Self  416

Friendship  418

Achievement  425

Summary  436

Key Terms  437
                                                   [ continue ........ pages: xi - xii ]