"The Earth
Constitution"
Index:
Preamble
Article 2
‑ Basic Structure of World Federation and World Government
Article 3
‑ Organs of the World Government
Article 4
‑ Grant of Specific Powers to the World Government
Article 5
‑ The World Parliament
Article 6
‑ The World Executive
Article 7
‑ The World Administration
Article 8
‑ The Integrative Complex
Article 9
‑ The World Judiciary
Article
10 ‑ The Enforcement System
Article
11 ‑ The World Ombudsmus
Article
12 ‑ Bill of Rights for the Citizens of Earth
Article
13 ‑ Directive Principles for the World Government
Article
14 ‑ Safeguards and Reservations
Article
15 ‑ World Federal Zones and the World Capitals
Article 16 - World Territories and Exterior Relations
Article
17 ‑ Ratification and Implementation
Article
18 ‑ Amendments
Article
19 ‑ Provisional World Government
*
* * *
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Signature Pages of the original
signers
CONSTITUTION FOR THE
FEDERATION OF EARTH
(As amended and ratified at the
Fourth Constituent Assembly, Troia, Portugal,
1991)
PREAMBLE
Realizing
that Humanity today has come to a turning point in history and that we are
on the threshold of an new world order which promises to usher in an era
of peace, prosperity, justice and harmony;
Aware
of the interdependence of people, nations and
all life;
Aware
that man's abuse of science and technology has brought Humanity to the
brink of disaster through the production of horrendous weaponry of mass
destruction and to the brink of ecological and social catastrophe;
Aware
that the traditional concept of security through military defense is a
total illusion both for the present and for the future;
Aware
of the misery and conflicts caused by ever increasing disparity between
rich and poor;
Conscious
of our obligation to posterity to save Humanity from imminent and total
annihilation;
Conscious
that Humanity is One despite the existence of
diverse nations, races, creeds, ideologies and cultures and that the
principle of unity in diversity is the basis for a new age when war shall
be outlawed and peace prevail; when the earth's total resources shall be
equitably used for human welfare; and when basic human rights and
responsibilities shall be shared by all without discrimination;
Conscious
of the inescapable reality that the greatest hope for the survival of life
on earth is the establishment of a democratic world government;
We,
citizens of the world, hereby resolve to establish a world federation to
be governed in accordance with this constitution for the Federation of
Earth.

A CONSTITUTION FOR THE FEDERATION OF EARTH
The broad functions of the
Federation of Earth shall be:
1.
To prevent war, secure disarmament, and resolve territorial and other
disputes which endanger peace and human rights.
2.
To protect universal human rights, including life, liberty, security,
democracy, and equal opportunities in life.
3.
To obtain for all people on earth the conditions required for equitable
economic and social development and for diminishing social differences.
4.
To regulate world trade, communications, transportation, currency,
standards, use of world resources, and other global and international
processes.
5.
To protect the environment and the ecological fabric of life from all
sources of damage, and to control technological innovations whose effects
transcend national boundaries, for the purpose of keeping Earth a safe,
healthy and happy home for humanity .
6.
To devise and implement solutions to all problems which are beyond the
capacity of national governments, or which are now or may become of global
or international concern or consequence.
1.
The Federation of Earth shall be organized as a universal federation, to
include all nations and all people, and to encompass all oceans, seas and
lands of Earth, inclusive of non‑self governing territories, together with
the surrounding atmosphere.
2.
The World Government for the Federation of Earth shall be non‑military and
shall be democratic in its own structure, with ultimate sovereignty
residing in all the people who live on Earth.
3.
The authority and powers granted to the World Government shall be limited
to those defined in this Constitution for the Federation of Earth,
applicable to problems and affairs which transcend national boundaries,
leaving to national governments jurisdiction over the internal affairs of
the respective nations but consistent with the authority of the World
Government to protect universal human rights as defined in this World
Constitution.
4.
The basic direct electoral and administrative units of the World
Government shall be World Electoral and Administrative Districts. A total
of not more than 1000 World Electoral and Administrative Districts shall
be defined, and shall be nearly equal in population, within the limits of
plus or minus ten percent.
5.
Contiguous World Electoral and Administrative Districts shall be combined
as may be appropriate to compose a total of twenty World Electoral and
Administrative Regions for the following purposes, but not limited
thereto: for the election or appointment of certain world government
officials; for administrative purposes; for composing various organs of
the world government as enumerated in Article IV; for the functioning of
the Judiciary, the Enforcement System, and the Ombudsmus, as well as for
the functioning of any other organ or agency of the World Government.
6.
The World Electoral and Administrative Regions may be composed of a
variable number of World Electoral and Administrative Districts, taking
into consideration geographic, cultural, ecological and other factors as
well as population.
7.
Contiguous World Electoral and Administrative Regions shall be grouped
together in pairs to compose Magna‑Regions.
8.
The boundaries for World Electoral and Administrative Regions shall not
cross the boundaries of the World Electoral and Administrative Districts,
and shall be common insofar as feasible for the various administrative
departments and for the several organs and agencies of the World
Government. Boundaries for the World Electoral and Administrative
Districts as well as for the Regions need not conform to existing national
boundaries, but shall conform as far as practicable.
9.
The World Electoral and Administrative Regions shall be grouped to compose
at least five Continental Divisions of the Earth, for the election or
appointment of certain world government officials, and for certain aspects
of the composition and functioning of the several organs and agencies of
the World Government as specified hereinafter. The boundaries of
Continental Divisions shall not cross existing national boundaries as far
as practicable. Continental Divisions may be composed of a variable number
of World Electoral and Administrative Regions.
The
organs of the World Government shall be:
1.
The World Parliament.
2.
The World Executive.
3.
The World Administration.
4.
The Integrative Complex.
5.
The World Judiciary.
6.
The Enforcement System.
7.
The World Ombudsmus.
The
powers of the World government to be exercised through its several organs
and agencies shall comprise the following:
1.
Prevent wars and armed conflicts among the nations, regions, districts,
parts and peoples of Earth.
2.
Supervise disarmament and prevent re‑armament; prohibit and eliminate the
design, testing, manufacture, sale, purchase, use and possession of
weapons of mass destruction, and prohibit or regulate all lethal weapons
which the World Parliament may decide.
3.
Prohibit incitement to war, and discrimination against or defamation of
conscientious objectors.
4.
Provide the means for peaceful and just solutions of disputes and
conflicts among or between nations, peoples, and/or other components
within the Federation of Earth.
5.
Supervise boundary settlements and conduct plebiscites as needed.
6.
Define the boundaries for the districts, regions and divisions which are
established for electoral, administrative, judicial and other purposes of
the World Government.
7.
Define and regulate procedures for the nomination and election of the
members of each House of the World Parliament, and for the nomination,
election, appointment and employment of all World Government officials and
personnel.
8.
Codify world laws, including the body of international law developed prior
to adoption of the world constitution, but not inconsistent therewith, and
which is approved by the World Parliament.
9.
Establish universal standards for weights, measurements, accounting and
records.
10.
Provide assistance in the event of large scale calamities, including
drought, famine, pestilence, flood, earthquake, hurricane, ecological
disruptions and other disasters.
11.
Guarantee and enforce the civil liberties and the basic human rights which
are defined in the Bill of Rights for the Citizens of Earth which is made
a part of this World Constitution under Article 12.
12.
Define standards and promote the worldwide improvement in working
conditions, nutrition, health, housing, human settlements, environmental
conditions, education, economic security, and other conditions defined
under Article 13 of this World Constitution.
13.
Regulate and supervise international transportation, communications,
postal services, and migrations of people.
14.
Regulate and supervise supra‑national trade, industry, corporations,
businesses, cartels, professional services, labor supply, finances,
investments and insurance.
15.
Secure and supervise the elimination of tariffs and other trade barriers
among nations, but with provisions to prevent or minimize hardship for
those previously protected by tariffs.
16.
Raise the revenues and funds, by direct and/or indirect means, which are
necessary for the purposes and activities of the World Government.
17.
Establish and operate world financial, banking, credit and insurance
institutions designed to serve human needs; establish, issue and regulate
world currency, credit and exchange.
18.
Plan for and regulate the development, use, conservation and re‑cycling of
the natural resources of Earth as the common heritage of Humanity; protect
the environment in every way for the benefit of both present and future
generations.
19.
Create and operate a World Economic Development Organization to serve
equitably the needs of all nations and people included within the World
Federation.
20.
Develop and implement solutions to transnational problems of food supply,
agricultural production, soil fertility, soil conservation, pest control,
diet, nutrition, drugs and poisons, and the disposal of toxic wastes.
21.
Develop and implement means to control population growth in relation to
the life‑support capacities of Earth, and solve problems of population
distribution.
22.
Develop, protect, regulate and conserve the water supplies of Earth;
develop, operate and/or coordinate transnational irrigation and other
water supply and control projects; assure equitable allocation of trans‑
national water supplies, and protect against adverse trans‑national
effects of water or moisture diversion or weather control projects within
national boundaries.
23.
Own, administer and supervise the development and conservation of the
oceans and sea‑beds of Earth and all resources thereof, and protect from
damage.
24.
Protect from damage, and control and supervise the uses of the atmosphere
of Earth.
25.
Conduct inter‑planetary and cosmic explorations and research; have
exclusive jurisdiction over the Moon and over all satellites launched from
Earth.
26.
Establish, operate and/or coordinate global air lines, ocean transport
systems, international railways and highways, global communication
systems, and means for interplanetary travel and communications; control
and administer vital waterways.
27.
Develop, operate and/or coordinate transnational power systems, or
networks of small units, integrating into the systems or networks power
derived from the sun, wind, water, tides, heat differentials, magnetic
forces, and any other source of safe, ecologically sound and continuing
energy supply.
28.
Control the mining, production, transportation and use of fossil sources
of energy to the extent necessary to reduce and prevent damages to the
environment and the ecology, as well as to prevent conflicts and conserve
supplies for sustained use by succeeding generations.
29.
Exercise exclusive jurisdiction and control over nuclear energy research
and testing and nuclear power production, including the right to prohibit
any form of testing or production considered hazardous.
30.
Place under world controls essential natural resources which may be
limited or unevenly distributed about the Earth. Find and implement ways
to reduce wastes and find ways to minimize disparities when development or
production is insufficient to supply everybody with all that may be
needed.
31.
Provide for the examination and assessment of technological innovations
which are or may be of supranational consequence, to determine possible
hazards or perils to humanity or the environment; institute such controls
and regulations of technology as may be found necessary to prevent or
correct widespread hazards or perils to human health and welfare.
32.
Carry out intensive programs to develop safe alternatives to any
technology or technological processes which may be hazardous to the
environment, the ecological system, or human health and welfare.
33.
Resolve supra‑national problems caused by gross disparities in
technological development or capability, capital formation, availability
of natural resources, educational opportunity, economic opportunity, and
wage and price differentials. Assist the processes of technology transfer
under conditions which safeguard human welfare and the environment and
contribute to minimizing disparities.
34.
Intervene under procedures to be defined by the World Parliament in cases
of either intra‑state violence and intra‑state problems which seriously
affect world peace or universal human rights.
35.
Develop a world university system. Obtain the correction of prejudicial
communicative materials which cause misunderstandings or conflicts due to
differences of race, religion, sex, national origin or affiliation.36.
Organize, coordinate and/or administer a voluntary, non‑military World
Service Corps, to carry out a wide variety of projects designed to serve
human welfare.
37.
Designate as may be found desirable an official world language or official
world languages.
38.
Establish and operate a system of world parks, wild life preserves,
natural places, and wilderness areas.
39.
Define and establish procedures for initiative and referendum by the
Citizens of Earth on matters of supra‑national legislation not prohibited
by this World Constitution.40.
Establish such departments, bureaus, commissions, institutes,
corporations, administrations, or agencies as may by needed to carry out
any and all of the functions and powers of the World Government.
41.
Serve the needs of humanity in any and all ways which are now, or may
prove in the future to be, beyond the capacity of national and local
governments.
Sec. A ‑ Functions and
Powers of the World Parliament
The functions and powers of the
World Parliament shall comprise the following:
1.
To prepare and enact detailed legislation in all areas of authority and
jurisdiction granted to the World Government under Article IV of this
World Constitution.
2.
To amend or repeal world laws as may be found necessary or desirable.
3.
To approve, amend or reject the international laws developed prior to the
advent of World Government, and to codify and integrate the system of
world law and world legislation under the World Government.
4.
To establish such regulations and directions as may be needed, consistent
with this world constitution, for the proper functioning of all organs,
branches, departments, bureaus, commissions, institutes, agencies or parts
of the World Government.
5.
To review, amend and give final approval to each budget for the World
Government, as submitted by the World Executive; to devise the specific
means for directly raising funds needed to fulfill the budget, including
taxes, licenses, fees, globally accounted social and public costs which
must be added into the prices for goods and services, loans and credit
advances, and any other appropriate means; and to appropriate and allocate
funds for all operations and functions of the World Government in
accordance with approved budgets, but subject to the right of the
Parliament to revise any appropriation not yet spent or contractually
committed.
6.
To create, alter, abolish or consolidate the departments, bureaus,
commissions, institutes, agencies or other parts of the World Government
as may be needed for the best functioning of the several organs of the
World Government, subject to the specific provisions of this World
Constitution.
7.
To approve the appointments of the heads of all major departments,
commissions, offices, agencies and other parts of the several organs of
the World Government, except those chosen by electoral or civil service
procedures.
8.
To remove from office for cause any member of the World Executive, and any
elective or appointive head of any organ, department, office, agency or
other part of the World Government, subject to the specific provisions in
this World Constitution concerning specific offices.
9.
To define and revise the boundaries of the World Electoral and
Administrative Districts, the World Electoral and Administrative Regions
and Magna Regions, and the Continental Divisions.
10.
To schedule the implementation of those provisions of the World
Constitution which require implementation by stages during the several
stages of Provisional World Government, First Operative Stage of World
Government, Second Operative Stage of World Government, and Full Operative
Stage of World Government, as defined in Articles XVII and XIX of this
World Constitution.
11.
To plan and schedule the implementation of those provisions of the World
Constitution which may require a period of years to be accomplished.
Sec. B ‑ Composition of the
World Parliament
1.
The World Parliament shall be composed of three houses, designated as
follows:
a.
The House of Peoples, to represent the people of Earth directly and
equally;
b.
The House of Nations, to represent the nations which are joined together
in the Federation of Earth; and
c.
A House of Counselors with particular functions to represent the highest
good and best interests of humanity as a whole.
2.
All members of the World Parliament, regardless of House, shall be
designated as Members of the World Parliament.
Sec. C ‑ The House of Peoples
1.
The House of Peoples shall be composed of the peoples delegates directly
elected in proportion to population from the World Electoral and
Administrative Districts, as defined in Article 2‑4.
2.
Peoples delegates shall be elected by universal adult suffrage, open to
all persons of age 18 and above.
3.
One peoples delegate shall be elected from each World Electoral and
Administrative District to serve a five year term in the House of Peoples.
Peoples delegates may be elected to serve successive terms without limit.
Each peoples delegate shall have o ne vote.
4.
A candidate for election to serve as a peoples delegate must be at least
21 years of age, a resident for at least one year of the electoral
district from which the candidate is seeking election, and shall take a
pledge of service to humanity.
Sec. D ‑ The House of Nations
1.
The House of Nations shall be composed of national delegates elected or
appointed by procedures to be determined by each national government on
the following basis:
a.
One national delegate from each nation of at least 100,000 population, but
less than 10,000,000 population.
b.
Two national delegates from each nation of at least 10,000,000 population,
but less than 100,000,000 population.
c.
Three national delegates from each nation of 100,000,000 population or
more.
2.
Nations of less than 100,000 population may join in groups with other
nations for purposes of representation in the House of Nations.
3.
National delegates shall be elected or appointed to serve for terms of
five years, and may be elected or appointed to serve successive terms
without limit. Each national delegate shall have one vote.
4.
Any person to serve as a national delegate shall be a citizen for at least
two years of the nation to be represented, must be at least 21 years of
age, and shall take a pledge of service to humanity.
Sec. E ‑ The House of
Counselors
1.
The House of Counselors shall be composed of 200 counselors chosen in
equal numbers from nominations submitted from the twenty World Electoral
and Administrative Regions, as defined in Article II‑5 and II‑6, ten from
each Region.
2.
Nominations for members of the House of Counselors shall be made by the
teachers and students of universities and colleges and of scientific
academies and institutes within each world electoral and administrative
region. Nominees may be persons who are off campus in any walk of life as
well as on campus.
3.
Nominees to the House of Counselors from each World Electoral and
Administrative Region shall, by vote taken among themselves, reduce the
number of nominees to no less than two times and no more than three times
the number to be elected.
4.
Nominees to serve as members of the House of Counselors must be at least
25 years of age, and shall take a pledge of service to humanity. There
shall be no residence requirement, and a nominee need not be a resident of
the region from which nominated or elected.5.
The members of the House of Counselors from each region shall be elected
by the members of the other two houses of the World Parliament from the
particular region.
6.
Counselors shall be elected to serve terms of ten years. One‑half of the
members of the House of Counselors shall be elected every five years.
Counselors may serve successive terms without limit. Each Counselor shall
have one vote.
Sec. F ‑ Procedures of the
World Parliament
1.
Each house of the World Parliament during its first session after general
elections shall elect a panel of five chairpersons from among its own
members, one from each of five Continental Divisions. The chairpersons
shall rotate annually so that each will serve for one year as chief
presiding officer, while the other four serve as vice‑chairpersons.
2.
The panels of Chairpersons from each House shall meet together, as needed,
for the purpose of coordinating the work of the Houses of the World
Parliament, both severally and jointly.
3.
Any legislative measure or action may be initiated in either House of
Peoples or House of Nations or both concurrently, and shall become
effective when passed by a simple majority vote of both the House of
Peoples and of the House of Nations, except in those cases where an
absolute majority vote or other voting majority is specified in this World
Constitution.
4.
In case of deadlock on a measure initiated in either the House of Peoples
or House of Nations, the measure shall then automatically go to the House
of Counselors for decision by simple majority vote of the House of
Counselors, except in the cases where other majority vote is required in
this World Constitution. Any measure may be referred for decision to the
House of Counselors by a concurrent vote of the other two houses.
5.
The House of Counselors may initiate any legislative measure, which shall
then be submitted to the other two houses and must be passed by simple
majority vote of both the House of Peoples and House of Nations to become
effective, unless other voting majority is required by some provision of
this World Constitution.
6.
The House of Counselors may introduce an opinion or resolution on any
measure pending before either of the other two houses; either of the other
houses may request the opinion of the House of Counselors before acting
upon a measure.
7.
Each house of the World Parliament shall adopt its own detailed rules of
procedure, which shall by consistent with the procedures set forth in this
World Constitution, and which shall be designed to facilitate coordinated
functioning of the three houses.
8.
Approval of appointments by the World Parliament or any house thereof
shall require simple majority votes, while removals for cause shall
require absolute majority votes.
9.
After the full operative stage of World Government is declared, general
elections for members of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples
shall be held every five years. The first general elections shall be held
within the first two years following the declaration of the full operative
stage of World Government.
10.
Until the full operative stage of World Government is declared, elections
for members of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples may be
conducted whenever feasible in relation to the campaign for ratification
of this World Constitution.
11.
Regular sessions of the House of Peoples and House of Nations of the World
Parliament shall convene on the second Monday of January of each and every
Year.
12.
Each nation, according to its own procedures, shall appoint or elect
members of the World Parliament to the House of Nations at least thirty
days prior to the date for convening the World Parliament in January.
13.
The House of Peoples together with the House of Nations shall elect the
members of the World Parliament to the House of Counselors during the
month of January after the general elections. For its first session after
general elections, the House of Counselors shall convene on the second
Monday of March, and thereafter concurrently with the other two houses.
14.
Bi‑elections to fill vacancies shall be held within three months from
occurrence of the vacancy or vacancies.
15.
The World Parliament shall remain in session for a minimum of nine months
of each year. One or two breaks may be taken during each year, at times
and for durations to be decided by simple majority vote of the House of
Peoples and House of Nations sitting jointly.
16.
Annual salaries for members of the World Parliament of all three houses
shall be the same, except for those who serve also as members of the
Presidium and of the Executive Cabinet.
17.
Salary schedules for members of the World Parliament and for members of
the Presidium and of the Executive Cabinet shall be determined by the
World Parliament.
Sec. A Functions and
Powers of the World Executive
1.
To implement the basic system of world law as defined in the World
Constitution and in the codified system of world law after approval by the
World Parliament.
2.
To implement legislation enacted by the World Parliament.
3.
To propose and recommend legislation for enactment by the World
Parliament.
4.
To convene the World Parliament in special sessions when necessary.
5.
To supervise the World Administration and the Integrative Complex and all
of the departments, bureaus, offices, institutes and agencies thereof.
6.
To nominate, select and remove the heads of various organs, branches,
departments, bureaus, offices, commissions, institutes, agencies and other
parts of the World Government, in accordance with the provisions of this
World Constitution and as specified in measures enacted by the World
Parliament.
7.
To prepare and submit annually to the World Parliament a comprehensive
budget for the operations of the World Government, and to prepare and
submit periodically budget projections over periods of several years.
8.
To define and propose priorities for world legislation and budgetary
allocations.
9.
To be held accountable to the World Parliament for the expenditures of
appropriations made by the World Parliament in accordance with approved
and longer term budgets, subject to revisions approved by the World
Parliament.
Sec. B Composition of the World
Executive
The World Executive shall
consist of a Presidium of five members, and of an Executive Cabinet of
from twenty to thirty members, all of whom shall be members of the World
Parliament.
Sec. C The Presidium
1.
The Presidium shall be composed of five members, one to be designated as
President and the other four to be designated as Vice Presidents. Each
member of the Presidium shall be from a different Continental Division.
2.
The Presidency of the Presidium shall rotate each year, with each member
in turn to serve as President, while the other four serve as Vice
Presidents. The order of rotation shall be decided by the Presidium.
3.
The decisions of the Presidium shall be taken collectively, on the basis
of majority decisions.
4.
Each member of the Presidium shall be a member of the World Parliament,
either elected to the House of Peoples or to the House of Counselors, or
appointed or elected to the House of Nations.
5.
Nominations for the Presidium shall be made by the House of Counselors.
The number of nominees shall be from two to three times the number to be
elected. No more than one‑third of the nominees shall be from the House of
Counselors or from the House of Nations, and nominees must be included
from all Continental Divisions.
6.
From among the nominees submitted by the House of Counselors, the
Presidium shall be elected by vote of the combined membership of all three
houses of the World Parliament in joint session. A plurality vote equal to
at least 40 percent of the total membership of the World Parliament shall
be required for the election of each member to the Presidium, with
successive elimination votes taken as necessary until the required
plurality is achieved.
7.
Members of the Presidium may be removed for cause, either individually or
collectively, by an absolute majority vote of the combined membership of
the three houses of the World Parliament in joint session.
8.
The term of office for the Presidium shall be five years and shall run
concurrently with the terms of office for the members as Members of the
World Parliament, except that at the end of each five year period, the
Presidium members in office shall continue to serve until the new
Presidium for the succeeding term is elected. Membership in the Presidium
shall be limited to two consecutive terms.
Sec. D The Executive Cabinet
1.
The Executive Cabinet shall be composed of from twenty to thirty members,
with at least one member from each of the ten World Electoral and
Administrative Magna Regions of the world.
2.
All members of the Executive Cabinet shall be Members of the World
Parliament.
3.
There shall be no more than two members of the Executive Cabinet from any
single nation of the World Federation. There may be only one member of the
Executive Cabinet from a nation from which a Member of the World
Parliament is serving as a member of the Presidium.
4.
Each member of the Executive Cabinet shall serve as the head of a
department or agency of the World Administration or Integrative Complex,
and in this capacity shall be designated as Minister of the particular
department or agency.
5.
Nominations for members of the Executive Cabinet shall be made by the
Presidium, taking into consideration the various functions which Executive
Cabinets members are to perform. The Presidium shall nominate no more than
two times the number to be elected.
6.
The Executive Cabinet shall be elected by simple majority vote of the
combined membership of all three houses of the World Parliament in joint
session.
7.
Members of the Executive Cabinet either individually or collectively may
be removed for cause by an absolute majority vote of the combined
membership of all three houses of the World Parliament sitting in joint
session.
8.
The term of office in the Executive Cabinet shall be five years, and shall
run concurrently with the terms of office for the members as Members of
the World Parliament, except that at the end of each five year period, the
Cabinet members in office s hall continue to serve until the new Executive
Cabinet for the succeeding term is elected. Membership in the Executive
Cabinet shall be limited to three consecutive terms, regardless of change
in ministerial position.
Sec. E Procedures of the World
Executive
1.
The Presidium shall assign the ministerial positions among the Cabinet
members to head the several administrative departments and major agencies
of the Administration and of the Integrative Complex. Each Vice President
may also serve as a Minister to head an administrative department, but not
the President. Ministerial positions may be changed at the discretion of
the Presidium. A Cabinet member or Vice President may hold more than one
ministerial post, but no more than three, providing that no Cabinet member
is without a Ministerial post.
2.
The Presidium, in consultation with the Executive Cabinet, shall prepare
and present to the World Parliament near the beginning of each year a
proposed program of world legislation. The Presidium may propose other
legislation during the year.
3.
The Presidium, in consultation with the Executive Cabinet, and in
consultation with the World Financial Administration, (see Article VIII,
Sec. G‑1‑i) shall be responsible for preparing and submitting to the World
Parliament the proposed annual budget, and budgetary projections over
periods of years.
4.
Each Cabinet Member and Vice President as Minister of a particular
department or agency shall prepare an annual report for the particular
department or agency, to be submitted both to the Presidium and to the
World Parliament.
5.
The members of the Presidium and of the Executive Cabinet at all times
shall be responsible both individually and collectively to the World
Parliament.
6.
Vacancies occurring at any time in the World Executive shall be filled
within sixty days by nomination and election in the same manner as
specified for filling the offices originally.
Sec. F Limitations
on the World Executive
1.
The World Executive shall not at any time alter, suspend, abridge,
infringe or otherwise violate any provision of this World Constitution or
any legislation or world law enacted or approved by the World Parliament
in accordance with the provisions of this World Constitution.
2.
The World Executive shall not have veto power over any legislation passed
by the World Parliament.
3.
The World Executive may not dissolve the World Parliament or any House of
the World Parliament.
4.
The World Executive may not act contrary to decisions of the World Courts.
5.
The World Executive shall be bound to faithfully execute all legislation
passed by the World Parliament in accordance with the provisions of this
World Constitution, and may not impound or refuse to spend funds
appropriated by the World Parliament, nor spend more funds than are
appropriated by the World Parliament.
6.
The World Executive may not transcend or contradict the decisions or
controls of the World Parliament, the World Judiciary or the Provisions of
this World Constitution by any device of executive order or executive
privilege or emergency declaration or decree.
Sec.
A ‑ Functions of the World Administration
1.
The World Administration shall be organized to carry out the detailed and
continuous administration and implementation of world legislation and
world law.
2.
The World Administration shall be under the direction of the World
Executive, and shall at all times be responsible to the World Executive.
3.
The World Administration shall be organized so as to give professional
continuity to the work of administration and implementation.
Sec. B ‑ Structure and
Procedures of the World Administration
1.
The World Administration shall be composed of professionally organized
departments and other agencies in all areas of activity requiring
continuity of administration and implementation by the World Government.
2.
Each Department or major agency of the World Administration shall be
headed by a Minister who shall be either a member of the Executive Cabinet
or a Vice President of the Presidium.
3.
Each Department or major agency of the World Administration shall have as
chief of staff a Senior Administrator, who shall assist the Minister and
supervise the detailed work of the Department or agency.
4.
Each Senior Administrator shall be nominated by the Minister of the
particular Department or agency from among persons in the senior lists of
the World Civil Service Administration, as soon as senior lists have been
established by the World Civil Service Administration, and shall be
confirmed by the Presidium. Temporary qualified appointments shall be made
by the Ministers, with confirmation by the Presidium, pending
establishment of the senior lists.
5.
There shall be a Secretary General of the World
Administration, who shall be nominated by the Presidium and confirmed by
absolute majority vote of the entire Executive Cabinet.
6.
The functions and responsibilities of the Secretary General of the World
Administration shall be to assist in coordinating the work of the Senior
Administrators of the several Departments and agencies of the World
Administration. The Secretary General shall at all times be subject to the
direction of the Presidium, and shall be directly responsible to the
Presidium.
7.
The employment of any Senior Administrator and of the Secretary General
may be terminated for cause by absolute majority vote of both the
Executive Cabinet and Presidium combined, but not contrary to civil
service rules which protect tenure on grounds of competence.
8.
Each Minister of a Department or agency of the World Administration, being
also a Member of the World Parliament, shall provide continuous liaison
between the particular Department or agency and the World Parliament,
shall respond at any time to any questions or requests for information
from the Parliament, including committees of any House of the World
Parliament.
9.
The Presidium, in cooperation with the particular Ministers in each case,
shall be responsible for the original organization of each of the
Departments and major agencies of the World Administration.
10.
The assignment of legislative measures, constitutional provisions and
areas of world law to particular Departments and agencies for
administration and implementation shall be done by the Presidium in
consultation with the Executive Cabinet and Secretary General, unless
specifically provided in legislation passed by the World Parliament.
11.
The Presidium, in consultation with the Executive Cabinet, may propose the
creation of other departments and agencies to have ministerial status; and
may propose the alteration, combination or termination of existing
Departments and agencies of ministerial status as may seem necessary or
desirable. Any such creation, alteration, combination or termination shall
require a simple majority vote of approval of the three houses of the
World Parliament in joint session.
12.
The World Parliament by absolute majority vote of the three houses in
joint session may specify the creation of new departments or agencies of
ministerial status in the World Administration, or may direct the World
Executive to alter, combine, or terminate existing departments or agencies
of ministerial status.
13.
The Presidium and the World Executive may not create, establish or
maintain any administrative or executive department or agency for the
purpose of circumventing control by the World Parliament.
Sec. C ‑ Departments of the
World Administration
Among the Departments and
agencies of the World Administration of ministerial status, but not
limited thereto and subject to combinations and to changes in descriptive
terminology, shall be those listed under this Section. Each major area of
administration shall be headed by a Cabinet Minister and a Senior
Administrator, or by a Vice President and a Senior Administrator.
1.
Disarmament and War Prevention.
2.
Population.
3.
Food and Agriculture.
4.
Water Supplies and Waterways.
5.
Health and Nutrition.
6.
Education.
7.
Cultural Diversity and the Arts.
8.
Habitat and Settlements.
9.
Environment and Ecology.
10.
World Resources.
11.
Oceans and Seabeds.
12.
Atmosphere and Space.
13.
Energy.
14.
Science and Technology.
15.
Genetic Research and Engineering.
16.
Labor and Income.
17.
Economic and Social Development.
18.
Commerce and Industry.
19.
Transportation and Travel.
20.
Multi‑National Corporations.
21.
Communications and Information.
22.
Human Rights.
23.
Distributive Justice.
24.
World Service Corps.
25.
World Territories, Capitals and Parks.
26.
Exterior Relations.
27.
Democratic Procedures.
28.
Revenue.
Sec. A ‑ Definition
1.
Certain administrative, research, planning and facilitative agencies of
the World Government which are particularly essential for the satisfactory
functioning of all or most aspects of the World Government, shall be
designated as the Integrative Complex. The Integrative Complex shall
include the agencies listed under this Section, with the proviso that
other such agencies may be added upon recommendation of the Presidium
followed by decision of the World Parliament.
a.
The World Civil Service Administration.
b.
The World Boundaries and Elections Administration.
c.
The Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems.
d.
The Agency for Research and Planning.
e.
The Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment.
f.
The World Financial Administration.
g.
Commission for Legislative Review.
2.
Each agency of the Integrative Complex shall be headed by a Cabinet
Minister and a Senior Administrator, or by a Vice President and a Senior
Administrator, together with a Commission as provided hereunder. The rules
of procedure for each agency shall be decided by majority decision of the
Commission members together with the Administrator and the Minister or
Vice President.
3.
The World Parliament may at any time define further the responsibilities,
functioning and organization of the several agencies of the Integrative
Complex, consistent with the provisions of Article VIII and other
provisions of the World Constitution.
4.
Each agency of the Integrative Complex shall make an annual report to the
World Parliament and to the Presidium.
Sec.
B ‑ The World Civil Service Administration
1.
The functions of the World Civil Service Administration shall be the
following, but not limited thereto:
a. To formulate and define standards, qualifications, tests,
examinations and salary scales for the personnel of all organs,
departments, bureaus, offices, commissions and agencies of the World
Government, in conformity with the provisions of this World Constitution
and requiring approval by the Presidium and Executive Cabinet, subject to
review and approval by the World Parliament.
b. To establish rosters or lists of competent personnel for all
categories of personnel to be appointed or employed in the service of the
World Government.
c. To select and employ upon request by any government organ,
department, bureau, office, institute, commission, agency or authorized
official, such competent personnel as may be needed and authorized, except
for those positions which are made elective or appointive under provisions
of the World Constitution or by specific legislation of the World
Parliament.
2.
The World Civil Service Administration shall be headed by a ten member
commission in addition to the Cabinet Minister or Vice President and
Senior Administrator. The Commission shall be composed of one commissioner
from each of ten World Electoral and Administrative Magna‑Regions. The
persons to serve as Commissioners shall be nominated by the House of
Counselors and then appointed by the Presidium for five year terms.
Commissioners may serve consecutive terms.
Sec. C ‑ The World Boundaries
and Elections Administration
1.
The functions of the World Boundaries and Elections Administration shall
include the following, but not limited thereto:
a.
To define the boundaries for the basic World Electoral and Administrative
Districts, the World Electoral and Administrative Regions and
Magna‑Regions, and the Continental Divisions, for submission to the World
Parliament for approval by legislative action.
b.
To make periodic adjustments every ten or five years, as needed, of the
boundaries for the World Electoral and Administrative Districts, the World
Electoral and Administrative Regions and Magna‑Regions, and of the
Continental Divisions, subject to approval by the World Parliament.
c.
To define the detailed procedures for the nomination and election of
Members of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples and to the House
of Counselors, subject to approval by the World Parliament.
d.
To conduct the elections for Members of the World Parliament to the House
of Peoples and to the House of Counselors.
e.
Before each World Parliamentary Election, to prepare Voters' Information
Booklets which shall summarize major current public issues, and shall list
each candidate for elective office together with standard information
about each candidate, and give space for each candidate to state his or
her views on the defined major issues as well as on any other major issue
of choice; to include information on any initiatives or referendums which
are to be voted upon; to distribute the Voter's Information Booklets for
each World Electoral District, or suitable group of Districts; and to
obtain the advice of the Institute on Governmental Procedures and World
Problems, the Agency for Research and Planning, and the Agency for
Technological and Environmental Assessment in preparing the booklets.
f.
To define the rules for world political parties, subject to approval by
the World Parliament, and subject to review and recommendations of the
World Ombudsmus.
g.
To define the detailed procedures for legislative initiative and
referendum by the Citizens of Earth, and to conduct voting on supra‑
national or global initiatives and referendums in conjunction with world
parliamentary elections.
h.
To conduct plebiscites when requested by other Organs of the World
Government, and to make recommendations for the settlement of boundary
disputes.
i.
To conduct a global census every five years, and to prepare and maintain
complete demographic analyses for Earth.
2.
The World Boundaries and Elections Administration shall be headed by a ten
member commission in addition to the Senior Administrator and the Cabinet
Minister or Vice President. The commission shall be composed of one
commissioner each from ten World Electoral and Administrative Magna‑
Regions. The persons to serve as commissioners shall be nominated by the
House of Counselors and then appointed by the World Presidium for five
year terms. Commissioners may serve consecutive terms.
Sec. D ‑
Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems
1.
The functions of the Institute on Governmental Procedures and World
Problems shall be as follows, but not limited thereto:
a.
To prepare and conduct courses of information, education and training for
all personnel in the service of the World Government, including Members of
the World Parliament and of all other elective, appointive and civil
service personnel, so that every person in the service of the World
Government may have a better understanding of the functions, structure,
procedures and inter‑relationships of the various organs, departments,
bureaus, offices, institutes, commissions, agencies and other parts of the
World Government.
b.
To prepare and conduct courses and seminars for information, education,
discussion, updating and new ideas in all areas of world problems,
particularly for Members of the World Parliament and of the World
Executive, and for the chief personnel of all organs, departments and
agencies of the World Government, but open to all in the service of the
World Government.
c.
To bring in qualified persons from private and public universities,
colleges and research and action organizations of many countries, as well
as other qualified persons, to lecture and to be resource persons for the
courses and seminars organized by the Institute on Governmental Procedures
and World Problems.
d.
To contract with private or public universities and colleges or other
agencies to conduct courses and seminars for the Institute.
2.
The Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems shall be
supervised by a ten member commission in addition to the Senior
Administrator and Cabinet Minister or Vice President. The commission shall
be composed of one commissioner each to be named by the House of Peoples,
the House of Nations, the House of Counselors, the Presidium, the
Collegium of World Judges, The World Ombudsmus, The World Attorneys
General Office, the Agency for Research and Planning, the Agency for
Technological and Environmental Assessment, and the World Financial
Administration. Commissioners shall serve five year terms, and may serve
consecutive terms.
Sec.
E ‑ The Agency for Research and Planning
1.
The functions of the Agency for Research and Planning shall be as follows,
but not limited thereto:
a.
To serve the World Parliament, the World Executive, the World
Administration, and other organs, departments and agencies of the World
Government in any matter requiring research and planning within the
competence of the agency.
b.
To prepare and maintain a comprehensive inventory of world resources.
c.
To prepare comprehensive long‑range plans for the development,
conservation, re‑cycling and equitable sharing of the resources of Earth
for the benefit of all people on Earth, subject to legislative action by
the World Parliament.
d.
To prepare and maintain a comprehensive list and description of all world
problems, including their inter‑relationships, impact time projections and
proposed solutions, together with bibliographies.
e.
To do research and help prepare legislative measures at the request of any
Member of the World Parliament or of any committee of any House of the
World Parliament.
f.
To do research and help prepare proposed legislation or proposed
legislative programs and schedules at the request of the Presidium or
Executive Cabinet or of any Cabinet Minister.
g.
To do research and prepare reports at the request of any other organ,
department or agency of the World Government.
h.
To enlist the help of public and private universities, colleges, research
agencies, and other associations and organizations for various research
and planning projects.
i.
To contract with public and private universities, colleges, research
agencies and other organizations for the preparation of specific reports,
studies and proposals.
j.
To maintain a comprehensive World Library for the use of all Members of
the World Parliament, and for the use of all other officials and persons
in the service of the World Government, as well as for public information.
2.
The Agency for Research and Planning shall be supervised by a ten member
commission in addition to the Senior Administrator and Cabinet Minister or
Vice President. The commission shall be composed of one commissioner each
to be named by the House of Peoples, the House of Nations, the House of
Counselors, the Presidium, the Collegium of World Judges, the Office of
World Attorneys General, World Ombudsmus, the Agency for Technological and
Environmental Assessment, the Institute on Governmental Procedures and
World Problems, and the World Financial Administration. Commissioners
shall serve five year terms, and may serve consecutive terms.
Sec. F ‑ The Agency for
Technological and Environmental Assessment
1.
The functions of the agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment
shall include the following, but not limited thereto:
a.
To establish and maintain a registration and description of all
significant technological innovations, together with impact projections.
b.
To examine, analyze and assess the impacts and consequences of
technological innovations which may have either significant beneficial or
significant harmful or dangerous consequences for human life or for the
ecology of life on Earth, or which may require particular regulations or
prohibitions to prevent or eliminate dangers or to assure benefits.
c.
To examine, analyze and assess environmental and ecological problems, in
particular the environmental and ecological problems which may result from
any intrusions or changes of the environment or ecological relationships
which may be caused by technological innovations, processes of resource
development, patterns of human settlements, the production of energy,
patterns of economic and industrial development, or other man‑made
intrusions and changes of the environment, or which may result from
natural causes.
d.
To maintain a global monitoring network to measure possible harmful
effects of technological innovations and environmental disturbances so
that corrective measures can be designed.
e.
To prepare recommendations based on technological and environmental
analyses and assessments, which can serve as guides to the World
Parliament, the World Executive, the World Administration, the Agency for
Research and Planning, and to the other organs, departments and agencies
of the World Government, as well as to individuals in the service of the
World Government and to national and local governments and legislative
bodies.
f.
To enlist the voluntary or contractual aid and participation of private
and public universities, colleges, research institutions and other
associations and organizations in the work of technological and
environmental assessment.
g.
To enlist the voluntary or contractual aid and participation of private
and public universities and colleges, research institutions and other
organizations in devising and developing alternatives to harmful or
dangerous technologies and environmentally disruptive activities, and in
devising controls to assure beneficial results from technological
innovations or to prevent harmful results from either technological
innovations or environmental changes, all subject to legislation for
implementation by the World Parliament.
2.
The Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment shall be
supervised by a ten member commission in addition to the Senior
Administrator and Cabinet Minister or Vice President. The commission shall
be composed of one commissioner from each of ten World Electoral and
Administrative Magna‑Regions. The persons to serve as commissioners shall
be nominated by the House of Counselors, and then appointed by the World
Presidium for five year terms. Commissioners may serve consecutive terms.
Sec.
G ‑ The World Financial Administration
1.
The functions of the World Financial Administration shall include the
following, but not limited thereto:
a.
To establish and operate the procedures for the collection of revenues for
the World Government, pursuant to legislation by the World Parliament,
inclusive of taxes, globally accounted social and public costs, licenses,
fees, revenue sharing arrangements, income derived from supra‑national
public enterprises or projects or resource developments, and all other
sources.
b.
To operate a Planetary Accounting Office, and thereunder to make
cost/benefit studies and reports of the functioning and activities of the
World Government and of its several organs, departments, branches,
bureaus, offices, commissions, institutes, agencies and other parts or
projects. In making such studies and reports, account shall be taken not
only of direct financial costs and benefits, but also of human, social,
environmental, indirect, long‑term and other costs and benefits, and of
actual or possible hazards and damages. Such studies and reports shall
also be designed to uncover any wastes, inefficiencies, misapplications,
corruptions, diversions, unnecessary costs, and other possible
irregularities.
c.
To make cost/benefit studies and reports at the request of any House or
committee of the World Parliament, and of the Presidium, the Executive
Cabinet, the World Ombudsmus, the Office of World Attorneys General, the
World Supreme Court, or of any administrative department or any agency of
the Integrative Complex, as well as upon its own initiative.
d.
To operate a Planetary Comptrollers Office and thereunder to supervise the
disbursement of the funds of the World Government for all purposes,
projects and activities duly authorized by this World Constitution, the
World Parliament, the World Executive, and other organs, departments and
agencies of the World Government.
e.
To establish and operate a Planetary Banking System, making the transition
to a common global currency, under the terms of specific legislation
passed by the World Parliament.
f.
Pursuant to specific legislation enacted by the World Parliament, and in
conjunction with the Planetary Banking System, to establish and implement
the procedures of a Planetary Monetary and Credit System based upon useful
productive capacity and performance, both in goods and services. Such a
monetary and credit system shall be designed for use within the Planetary
Banking System for the financing of the activities and projects of the
World Government, and for all other financial purposes approved by the
World Parliament, without requiring the payment of interest on bonds,
investments or other claims of financial ownership or debt.
g.
To establish criteria for the extension of financial credit based upon
such considerations as people available to work, usefulness, cost/benefit
accounting, human and social values, environmental health and esthetics,
minimizing disparities, integrity , competent management, appropriate
technology, potential production and performance.
h.
To establish and operate a Planetary Insurance System in areas of world
need which transcend national boundaries and in accordance with
legislation passed by the World Parliament.
i.
To assist the Presidium as may be requested in the technical preparation
of budgets for the operation of the World Government.
2.
The World Financial Administration shall be supervised by a commission of
ten members, together with a Senior Administrator and a Cabinet Minister
or Vice President. The commission shall be composed of one commissioner
each to be named by the House of Peoples, the House of Nations, the House
of Counselors, the Presidium, the Collegium of World Judges, the Office of
Attorneys General, the World Ombudsmus, the Agency for Research and
Planning, the Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment, and
the Institute on Governmental Procedures and World Problems. Commissioners
shall serve terms of five years, and may serve consecutive terms.
Sec. H ‑ Commission for
Legislative Review
1.
The functions of the Commission for Legislative Review shall be to examine
World Legislation and World Laws which the World Parliament enacts or
adopts from the previous Body of International Law for the purpose of
analyzing whether any particular legislation or law has become obsolete or
obstructive or defective in serving the purposes intended; and to make
recommendations to the World Parliament accordingly for repeal or
amendment or replacement.
2.
The Commission for Legislative Review shall be composed of twelve members,
including two each to be elected by the House of Peoples, the House of
Nations, the House of Counselors, the Collegium of World Judges, the World
Ombudsmus and the Presidium. Members of the Commission shall serve terms
of ten years, and may be re‑elected to serve consecutive terms. One half
of the Commission members after the Commission is first formed shall be
elected every five years, with the first terms for one half of the members
to be only five years.
Sec. A ‑ Jurisdiction of
the World Supreme Court
1.
A World Supreme Court shall be established, together with such regional
and district World Courts as may subsequently be found necessary. The
World Supreme Court shall comprise a number of benches.
2.
The World Supreme Court, together with such regional and district World
Courts as may be established, shall have mandatory jurisdiction in all
cases, actions, disputes, conflicts, violations of law, civil suits,
guarantees of civil and human rights, constitutional interpretations, and
other litigations arising under the provisions of this World Constitution,
world legislation, and the body of world law approved by the World
Parliament.
3.
Decisions of the World Supreme Court shall be binding on all parties
involved in all cases, actions and litigations brought before any bench of
the World Supreme Court for settlement. Each bench of the World Supreme
Court shall constitute a court of highest appeal, except when matters of
extra‑ordinary public importance are assigned or transferred to the
Superior Tribunal of the World Supreme Court, as provided in Section E of
Article IX.
Sec. B ‑ Benches of the World
Supreme Court
The benches of the World
Supreme Court and their respective jurisdictions shall be as follows:
1.
Bench for Human Rights: To deal with issues of human rights arising under
the guarantee of civil and human rights provided by Article XIII of this
World Constitution, and arising in pursuance of the provisions of Article
XIII of this World Constitution, and arising otherwise under world
legislation and the body of world law approved by the World Parliament.
2.
Bench for Criminal Cases: To deal with issues arising from the violation
of world laws and world legislation by individuals, corporations, groups
and associations, but not issues primarily concerned with human rights.
3.
Bench for Civil Cases: To deal with issues involving civil law suits and
disputes between individuals, corporations, groups and associations
arising under world legislation and world law and the administration
thereof.
4.
Bench for Constitutional Cases: To deal with the interpretation of the
World Constitution and with issues and actions arising in connection with
the interpretation of the World Constitution.5.
Bench for International Conflicts: To deal with disputes, conflicts and
legal contest arising between or among the nations which have joined in
the Federation of Earth.
6.
Bench for Public Cases: To deal with issues not under the jurisdiction of
another bench arising from conflicts, disputes, civil suits or other legal
contests between the World Government and corporations, groups or
individuals, or between national governments and corporations, groups or
individuals in cases involving world legislation and world law.
7.
Appellate Bench: To deal with issues involving world legislation and world
law which may be appealed from national courts; and to decide which bench
to assign a case or action or litigation when a question or disagreement
arises over the proper jurisdiction.
8.
Advisory Bench: To give opinions upon request on any legal question
arising under world law or world legislation, exclusive of contests or
actions involving interpretation of the World Constitution. Advisory
opinions may be requested by any House or committee of the World
Parliament, by the Presidium, any Administrative Department, the Office of
World Attorneys General, the World Ombudsmus, or by any agency of the
Integrative Complex.
9.
Other benches may be established, combined or terminated upon
recommendation of the Collegium of World Judges with approval by the World
Parliament; but benches number one through eight may not be combined nor
terminated except by amendment of this World Constitution.
Sec. C ‑ Seats of the World
Supreme Court
1.
The primary seat of the World Supreme Court and all benches shall be the
same as for the location of the Primary World Capital and for the location
of the World Parliament and the World Executive.
2.
Continental seats of the World Supreme Court shall be established in the
four secondary capitals of the World Government located in four different
Continental Divisions of Earth, as provided in Article XV.
3.
The following permanent benches of the World Supreme Court shall be
established both at the primary seat and at each of the continental seats:
Human Rights, Criminal Cases, Civil Cases, and Public Cases.
4.
The following permanent benches of the World Supreme Court shall be
located only at the primary seat of the World Supreme Court:
Constitutional Cases, International Conflicts, Appellate Bench, and
Advisory Bench.
5.
Benches which are located permanently only at the primary seat of the
World Supreme Court may hold special sessions at the other continental
seats of the World Supreme Court when necessary, or may establish
continental circuits if needed.
6.
Benches of the World Supreme Court which have permanent continental
locations may hold special sessions at other locations when needed, or may
establish regional circuits if needed.
Sec. D ‑ The Collegium of World
Judges
1.
A Collegium of World Judges shall be established by the World Parliament.
The Collegium shall consist of a minimum of twenty member judges, and may
be expanded as needed but not to exceed sixty members.
2.
The World Judges to compose the Collegium of World Judges shall be
nominated by the House of Counselors and shall be elected by plurality
vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint session. The
House of Counselors shall nominate between two and three times the number
of world judges to be elected at any one time. An equal number of World
Judges shall be elected from each of ten World Electoral and
Administrative Magna‑Regions, if not immediately then by rotation.
3.
The term of office for a World Judge shall be ten years. Successive terms
may be served without limit.
4.
The Collegium of World Judges shall elect a Presiding Council of World
Judges, consisting of a Chief Justice and four Associate Chief Justices.
One member of the Presiding Council of World Judges shall be elected from
each of five Continental Divisions of Earth. Members of the Presiding
Council of World Judges shall serve five year terms on the Presiding
Council, and may serve two successive terms, but not two successive terms
as Chief Justice.
5.
The Presiding Council of World Judges shall assign all World Judges,
including themselves, to the several benches of the World Supreme Court.
Each bench for a sitting at each location shall have a minimum of three
World Judges, except that the number of World Judges for benches on
Continental Cases and International Conflicts, and the Appellate Bench,
shall be no less than five.
6.
The member judges of each bench at each location shall choose annually a
Presiding Judge, who may serve two successive terms.
7.
The members of the several benches may be reconstituted from time to time
as may seem desirable or necessary upon the decision of the Presiding
Council of World Judges. Any decision to re‑constitute a bench shall be
referred to a vote of the entire Collegium of World Judges by request of
any World Judge.
8.
Any World Judge may be removed from office for cause by an absolute two‑
thirds majority vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint
session.
9.
Qualifications for Judges of the World Supreme Court shall be at least ten
years of legal or juristic experience, minimum age of thirty years, and
evident competence in world law and the humanities.
10.
The salaries, expenses, remunerations and prerogatives of the World Judges
shall be determined by the World Parliament, and shall be reviewed every
five years, but shall not be changed to the disadvantage of any World
Judge during a term of office. A ll members of the Collegium of World
Judges shall receive the same salaries, except that additional
compensation may be given to the Presiding Council of World Judges.
11.
Upon recommendation by the Collegium of World Judges, the World Parliament
shall have the authority to establish regional and district world courts
below the World Supreme Court, and to establish the jurisdictions thereof,
and the procedures for appeal to the World Supreme Court or to the several
benches thereof.
12.
The detailed rules of procedure for the functioning of the World Supreme
Court, the Collegium of World Judges, and for each bench of the World
Supreme Court, shall be decided and amended by absolute majority vote of
the Collegium of World Judges.
Sec. E ‑ The Superior Tribunal
of the World Supreme Court
1.
A Superior Tribunal of the World Supreme Court shall be established to
take cases which are considered to be of extra‑ordinary public importance.
The Superior Tribunal for any calendar year shall consist of the Presiding
Council of World Judges together with one World Judge named by the
Presiding Judge of each bench of the World Court sitting at the primary
seat of the World Supreme Court. The composition of the Superior Tribunal
may be continued unchanged for a second year by decision of the Presiding
Council of World Judges.
2.
Any party to any dispute, issue, case or litigation coming under the
jurisdiction of the World Supreme Court, may apply to any particular bench
of the World Supreme Court or to the Presiding Council of World Judges for
the assignment or transfer of the case to the Superior Tribunal on the
grounds of extra‑ordinary public importance. If the application is
granted, the case shall be heard and disposed of by the Superior Tribunal.
Also, any bench taking any particular case, if satisfied that the case is
of extra‑ordinary public importance, may of its own discretion transfer
the case to the Superior Tribunal.
Sec. A ‑ Basic
Principles
1.
The enforcement of world law and world legislation shall apply directly to
individuals, and individuals shall be held responsible for compliance with
world law and world legislation regardless of whether the individuals are
acting in their own capacity or as agents or officials of governments at
any level or of the institutions of governments, or as agents or officials
of corporations, organizations, associations or groups of any kind.
2.
When world law or world legislation or decisions of the world courts are
violated, the Enforcement System shall operate to identify and apprehend
the individuals responsible for violations.
3.
Any enforcement action shall not violate the civil and human rights
guaranteed under this World Constitution.
4.
The enforcement of world law and world legislation shall be carried out in
the context of a non‑military world federation wherein all member nations
shall disarm as a condition for joining and benefitting from the world
federation, subject to Article X VII, Sec. C‑8 and D‑6. The Federation of
Earth and World Government under this World Constitution shall neither
keep nor use weapons of mass destruction.
5.
Those agents of the enforcement system whose function shall be to
apprehend and bring to court violators of world law and world legislation
shall be equipped only with such weapons as are appropriate for the
apprehension of the individuals responsible for violations.
6.
The enforcement of world law and world legislation under this World
Constitution shall be conceived and developed primarily as the processes
of effective design and administration of world law and world legislation
to serve the welfare of all people on Earth, with equity and justice for
all, in which the resources of Earth and the funds and the credits of the
World Government are used only to serve peaceful human needs, and none
used for weapons of mass destruction or for war making capabilities.
Sec. B ‑ The Structure for
Enforcement: World Attorneys General
1. The Enforcement System
shall be headed by an Office of World Attorneys General and a Commission
of Regional World Attorneys.
2. The Office of World
Attorneys General shall be comprised of five members, one of whom shall be
designated as the World Attorney General and the other four shall each be
designated an Associate World Attorney General.
3. The Commission of Regional
World Attorneys shall consist of twenty Regional World Attorneys.
4. The members to comprise the
Office of World Attorneys General shall be nominated by the House of
Counselors, with three nominees from each Continental Division of Earth.
One member of the Office shall be elected from each of five Continental
Divisions by plurality vote of the three houses of the World Parliament in
joint session.
5. The term of office for a
member of the Office of World Attorneys General shall be ten years. A
member may serve two consecutive terms. The position of World Attorney
General shall rotate every two years among the five members of the Office.
The order of rotation shall be decided among the five members of the
Office.
6. The Office of World
Attorneys General shall nominate members for the Commission of twenty
Regional World Attorneys from the twenty World Electoral and
Administrative Regions, with between two and three nominees submitted for
each Region. From these nominations, the three Houses of the World
Parliament in joint session shall elect one Regional World Attorney from
each of the twenty Regions. Regional World Attorneys shall serve terms of
five years, and may serve three consecutive terms.
7. Each Regional World
Attorney shall organize and be in charge of an Office of Regional World
Attorney. Each Associate World Attorney General shall supervise five
Offices of Regional World Attorneys.
8. The staff to carry out the
work of enforcement, in addition to the five members of the Office of
World Attorneys
General and the twenty Regional
World Attorneys, shall be selected from civil service lists, and shall be
organized for the following functions:
a. Investigation.
b. Apprehension and arrest.
c. Prosecution.
d. Remedies and correction.
e. Conflict resolution.
9. Qualifications for a member
of the Office of World Attorneys General and for the Regional World
Attorneys shall be at least thirty years of age, at least seven years
legal experience, and education in law and the humanities.
10. The World Attorney
General, the Associate World Attorneys General, and the Regional World
Attorneys shall at all times be responsible to the World Parliament. Any
member of the Office of World Attorneys General and any Regional World
Attorney can be removed from office for cause by a simple majority vote of
the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint session.
Sec. C ‑ The World Police
1. That section of the staff
of the Office of World Attorneys General and of the Offices of Regional
World Attorneys responsible for the apprehension and arrest of violators
of world law and world legislation, shall be designated as World Police.
2. Each regional staff of the
World Police shall be headed by a Regional World Police Captain, who shall
be appointed by the Regional World Attorney.
3. The Office of World
Attorneys General shall appoint a World Police Supervisor, to be in charge
of those activities which transcend regional boundaries. The World Police
Supervisor shall direct the Regional World Police Captains in any actions
which require coordinated or joint action transcending regional
boundaries, and shall direct any action which requires initiation or
direction from the Office of World Attorneys General.
4. Searches and arrests to be
made by World Police shall be made only upon warrants issued by the Office
of World Attorneys General or by a Regional World Attorney.
5. World Police shall be armed
only with weapons appropriate for the apprehension of the individuals
responsible for violation of world law.
6. Employment in the capacity
of World Police Captain and World Police Supervisor shall be limited to
ten years.
7. The World Police Supervisor
and any Regional World Police Captain may be removed from office for cause
by decision of the Office of World Attorneys General or by absolute
majority vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint
session.
Sec. D ‑ The Means of
Enforcement
1. Non‑military means of
enforcement of world law and world legislation shall be developed by the
World Parliament and by the Office of World Attorneys General in
consultation with the Commission of Regional World Attorneys, the
Collegium of World Judges , the World Presidium, and the World Ombudsmus.
The actual means of enforcement shall require legislation by the World
Parliament.
2. Non‑military means of
enforcement which can be developed may include: Denial of financial
credit; denial of material resources and personnel; revocation of
licenses, charters, or corporate rights; impounding of equipment; fines
and damage payments; performance of work to rectify damages; imprisonment
or isolation; and other means appropriate to the specific situations.
3. To cope with situations of
potential or actual riots, insurrection and resort to armed violence,
particular strategies and methods shall be developed by the World
Parliament and by the Office of World Attorneys General in consultation
with the Commission of Regional World Attorneys, the collegium of World
Judges, the Presidium and the World Ombudsmus. Such strategies and methods
shall require enabling legislation by the World Parliament where required
in addition to the specific provisions of this World Constitution.
4. A basic condition for
preventing outbreaks of violence which the Enforcement System shall
facilitate in every way possible, shall be to assure a fair hearing under
non‑violent circumstances for any person or group having a grievance, and
likewise to assure a fair opportunity for a just settlement of any
grievance with due regard for the rights and welfare of all concerned.
Sec. A ‑ Functions and
Powers of the World Ombudsmus
The functions and powers of the
World Ombudsmus, as public defender, shall include the following:
1.
To protect the People of Earth and all individuals against violations or
neglect of universal human and civil rights which are stipulated in
Article 12 and other sections of this World Constitution.
2. To protect the People of
Earth against violations of this World Constitution by any official or
agency of the World Government, including both elected and appointed
officials or public employees regardless of organ, department, office,
agency or rank.
3. To press for the
implementation of the Directive Principles for the World Government as
defined in Article 13 of this World Constitution.
4. To promote the welfare of
the people of Earth by seeking to assure that conditions of social justice
and of minimizing disparities are achieved in the implementation and
administration of world legislation and world law.
5. To keep on the alert for
perils to humanity arising from technological innovations, environmental
disruptions and other diverse sources, and to launch initiatives for
correction or prevention of such perils.
6. To ascertain that the
administration of otherwise proper laws, ordinances and procedures of the
World Government do not result in unforseen injustices or inequities, or
become stultified in bureaucracy or the details of administration.
7. To receive and hear
complaints, grievances or requests for aid from any person, group,
organization, association, body politic or agency concerning any matter
which comes within the purview of the World Ombudsmus.
8. To request the Office of
World Attorneys General or any Regional World Attorney to initiate legal
actions or court proceedings whenever and wherever considered necessary or
desirable in the view of the World Ombudsmus.
9. To directly initiate legal
actions and court proceedings whenever the World Ombudsmus deems
necessary.
10. To review the functioning
of the departments, bureaus, offices, commissions, institutes, organs and
agencies of the World Government to ascertain whether the procedures of
the World government are adequately fulfilling their purposes and serving
the welfare of humanity in optimum fashion, and to make recommendations
for improvements.
11. To present an annual
report to the World Parliament and to the Presidium on the activities of
the World Ombudsmus, together with any recommendations for legislative
measures to improve the functioning of the World Government for the
purpose of better serving the welfare of the People of Earth.
Sec. B ‑ Composition of the
World Ombudsmus
1. The World Ombudsmus shall
be headed by a Council of World Ombudsmen of five members, one of whom
shall be designated as Principal World Ombudsman, while the other four
shall each be designated as an Associate World Ombudsman.
2. Members to compose the
Council of World Ombudsmen shall be nominated by the House of Counselors,
with three nominees from each Continental Division of Earth. One member of
the Council shall be elected from each of five Continental Divisions by
plurality vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint
session.
3. The term of office for a
World Ombudsman shall be ten years. A World Ombudsman may serve two
successive terms. The position of Principal World Ombudsman shall be
rotated every two years. The order of rotation shall be determined by the
Council of World Ombudsmen.
4. The Council of World
Ombudsmen shall be assisted by a Commission of World Advocates of twenty
members. Members for the Commission of World Advocates shall be nominated
by the Council of World Ombudsmen from twenty World Electoral and
Administrative Regions, with between two and three nominees submitted for
each Region. One World Advocate shall be elected from each of the twenty
World Electoral and Administrative Regions by the three Houses of the
World Parliament in joint session. World Advocates shall serve terms of
five years, and may serve a maximum of four successive terms.
5. The Council of World
Ombudsmen shall establish twenty regional offices, in addition to the
principal world office at the primary seat of the World Government. The
twenty regional offices of the World Ombudsmus shall parallel the
organization of the twenty Offices of Regional World Attorney.
6. Each regional office of the
World Ombudsmus shall be headed by a World Advocate. Each five regional
offices of the World Ombudsmus shall be supervised by an Associate World
Ombudsman.
7. Any World Ombudsman and any
World Advocate may be removed from office for cause by an absolute
majority vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint
session.
8. Staff members for the World
Ombudsmus and for each regional office of the World Ombudsmus shall be
selected and employed from civil service lists.
9. Qualifications for World
Ombudsman and for World Advocate shall be at least thirty years of age, at
least five years legal experience, and education in law and other relevant
education.
The
inhabitants and citizens of Earth who are within the Federation of Earth
shall have certain inalienable rights defined hereunder. It shall be
mandatory for the World Parliament, the World Executive, and all organs
and agencies of the World Government to honor, implement and enforce these
rights, as well as for the national governments of all member nations in
the Federation of Earth to do likewise. Individuals or groups suffering
violation or neglect of such rights shall have full recourse through the
World Ombudsmus, the Enforcement System and the World Courts for redress
of grievances. The inalienable rights shall include the following:
1. Equal rights for all
citizens of the Federation of Earth, with no discrimination on grounds of
race, color, caste, nationality, sex, religion, political affiliation,
property, or social status.
2. Equal protection and
application of world legislation and world laws for all citizens of the
Federation of Earth.
3. Freedom of thought and
conscience, speech, press, writing, communication, expression,
publication, broadcasting, telecasting, and cinema, except as an overt
part of or incitement to violence, armed riot or insurrection.
4. Freedom of assembly,
association, organization, petition and peaceful demonstration.
5. Freedom to vote without
duress, and freedom for political organization and campaigning without
censorship or recrimination.
6. Freedom to profess,
practice and promote religious or religious beliefs or no religion or
religious belief.
7. Freedom to profess and
promote political beliefs or no political beliefs.
8. Freedom for investigation,
research and reporting.
9. Freedom to travel without
passport or visas or other forms of registration used to limit travel
between, among or within nations.
10. Prohibition against
slavery, peonage, involuntary servitude, and conscription of labor.
11. Prohibition against
military conscription.
12. Safety of person from
arbitrary or unreasonable arrest, detention, exile, search or seizure;
requirement of warrants for searches and arrests.
13. Prohibition against
physical or psychological duress or torture during any period of
investigation, arrest, detention or imprisonment, and against cruel or
unusual punishment.
14. Right of habeas corpus; no
ex‑post‑facto laws; no double jeopardy; right to refuse self‑incrimination
or the incrimination of another.
15. Prohibition against
private armies and paramilitary organizations as being threats to the
common peace and safety.
16. Safety of property from
arbitrary seizure; protection against exercise of the power of eminent
domain without reasonable compensation.
17. Right to family planning
and free public assistance to achieve family planning objectives.
18. Right of privacy of
person, family and association; prohibition against surveillance as a
means of political control.
It
shall be the aim of the World Government to secure certain other rights
for all inhabitants within the Federation of Earth, but without immediate
guarantee of universal achievement and enforcement. These rights are
defined as Directive Principles, obligating the World Government to pursue
every reasonable means for universal realization and implementation, and
shall include the following:
1. Equal opportunity for
useful employment for everyone, with wages or remuneration sufficient to
assure human dignity.
2. Freedom of choice in work,
occupation, employment or profession.
3. Full access to information
and to the accumulated knowledge of the human race.
4. Free and adequate public
education available to everyone, extending to the pre‑university level;
Equal opportunities for elementary and higher education for all persons;
equal opportunity for continued education for all persons throughout life;
the right of any person or parent to choose a private educational
institution at any time.
5. Free and adequate public
health services and medical care available to everyone throughout life
under conditions of free choice.
6. Equal opportunity for
leisure time for everyone; better distribution of the work load of society
so that every person may have equitable leisure time opportunities.
7. Equal opportunity for
everyone to enjoy the benefits of scientific and technological discoveries
and developments.
8. Protection for everyone
against the hazards and perils of technological innovations and
developments.
9. Protection of the natural
environment which is the common heritage of humanity against pollution,
ecological disruption or damage which could imperil life or lower the
quality of life.
10. Conservation of those
natural resources of Earth which are limited so that present and future
generations may continue to enjoy life on the planet Earth.
11. Assurance for everyone of
adequate housing, of adequate and nutritious food supplies, of safe and
adequate water supplies, of pure air with protection of oxygen supplies
and the ozone layer, and in general for the continuance of an environment
which can sustain healthy living for all.
12. Assure to each child the
right to the full realization of his or her potential.
13. Social Security for
everyone to relieve the hazards of unemployment, sickness, old age, family
circumstances, disability, catastrophes of nature, and technological
change, and to allow retirement with sufficient lifetime income for living
under conditions of human dignity during older age.
14. Rapid elimination of and
prohibitions against technological hazards and man‑made environmental
disturbances which are found to create dangers to life on Earth.
15. Implementation of
intensive programs to discover, develop and institute safe alternatives
and practical substitutions for technologies which must be eliminated and
prohibited because of hazards and dangers to life.
16. Encouragement for cultural
diversity; encouragement for decentralized administration.
17. Freedom for peaceful
self‑determination for minorities, refugees and dissenters.
18. Freedom for change of
residence to anywhere on Earth conditioned by provisions for temporary
sanctuaries in events of large numbers of refugees, stateless persons, or
mass migrations.
19. Prohibition against the
death penalty.
Sec. A ‑ Certain
Safeguards
The World Government shall
operate to secure for all nations and peoples within the Federation of
Earth the safeguards which are defined hereunder:
1. Guarantee that full faith
and credit shall be given to the public acts, records, legislation and
judicial proceedings of the member nations within the Federation of Earth,
consistent with the several provisions of this World Constitution.
2. Assure freedom of choice
within the member nations and countries of the Federation of Earth to
determine their internal political, economic and social systems,
consistent with the guarantees and protections given under this World
Constitution to assure civil liberties and human rights and a safe
environment for life, and otherwise consistent with the several provisions
of this World Constitution.
3. Grant the right of asylum
within the Federation of Earth for persons who may seek refuge from
countries or nations which are not yet included within the Federation of
Earth.
4. Grant the right of
individuals and groups, after the Federation of Earth includes 90 percent
of the territory of Earth, to peacefully leave the hegemony of the
Federation of Earth and to live in suitable territory set aside by the
Federation neither restricted nor protected by the World Government,
provided that such territory does not extend beyond five percent of
Earth's habitable territory, is kept completely disarmed and not used as a
base for inciting violence or insurrection within or against the
Federation of Earth or any member nation, and is kept free of acts of
environmental or technological damage which seriously affect Earth outside
such territory.
Sec. B ‑ Reservation of Powers
The powers not delegated to the
World Government by this World Constitution shall be reserved to the
nations of the Federation of Earth and to the people of Earth.
Sec. A ‑ World Federal
Zones
1.
Twenty World Federal Zones shall be established within the twenty World
Electoral and Administrative Regions, for the purposes of the location of
the several organs of the World Government and of the administrative
departments, the world courts, the offices of the Regional World
Attorneys, the offices of the World Advocates, and for the location of
other branches, departments, institutes, offices, bureaus, commissions,
agencies and parts of the World Government.
2. The World Federal Zones
shall be established as the needs and resources of the World Government
develop and expand. World Federal Zones shall be established first within
each of five Continental Divisions.
3. The location and
administration of the World Federal Zones, including the first five, shall
be determined by the World Parliament.
Sec. B ‑ The World Capitals
1. Five World Capitals shall
be established in each of five Continental Divisions of Earth, to be
located in each of the five World Federal Zones which are established
first as provided in Article 15 of this World Constitution.
2. One of the World Capitals
shall be designated by the World Parliament as the Primary World Capital,
and the other four shall be designated as Secondary World Capitals.
3. The primary seats of all
organs of the World Government shall be located in the Primary World
Capital, and other major seats of the several organs of the World
Government shall be located in the Secondary World Capitals.
Sec. C ‑ Locational Procedures
1. Choices for location of the
twenty World Federal Zones and for the five World Capitals shall be
proposed by the Presidium, and then shall be decided by a simple majority
vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint session. The
Presidium shall offer choices of two or three locations in each of the
twenty World Electoral and Administrative Regions to be World Federal
Zones, and shall offer two alternative choices for each of the five World
Capitals.
2. The Presidium in
consultation with the Executive Cabinet shall then propose which of the
five World Capitals shall be the Primary World Capital, to be decided by a
simply majority vote of the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint
session.
3. Each organ of the World
Government shall decide how best to apportion and organize its functions
and activities among the five World Capitals, and among the twenty World
Federal Zones, subject to specific directions from the World Parliament.
4. The World Parliament may
decide to rotate its sessions among the five World Capitals, and if so, to
decide the procedure for rotation.
5. For the first two operative
stages of World Government as defined in Article 17, and for the
Provisional World
Government as defined in
Article 19, a provisional location may be selected for the Primary World
Capital. The provisional location need not be continued as a permanent
location.
6. Any World Capital or World
Federal Zone may be relocated by an absolute two‑thirds majority vote of
the three Houses of the World Parliament in joint session.
7. Additional World Federal
Zones may be designated if found necessary by proposal of the Presidium
and approval by an absolute majority vote of the three Houses of the World
Parliament in joint session.
Sec. A ‑ World Territory
1. Those areas of the Earth
and Earth's moon which are not under the jurisdiction of existing nations
at the time of forming the Federation of Earth, or which are not
reasonably within the province of national ownership and administration,
or which are declared to be World Territory subsequent to establishment of
the Federation of Earth, shall be designated as World Territory and shall
belong to all of the people of Earth.
2. The administration of World
Territory shall be determined by the World Parliament and implemented by
the World Executive, and shall apply to the following areas:
a. All oceans and seas having an international or supra‑national
character, together with the seabeds and resources thereof, beginning at a
distance of twenty kilometers offshore, excluding inland seas of
traditional national ownership.
b. Vital straits, channels, and canals.
c. The atmosphere enveloping Earth, beginning at an elevation of
one kilometer above the general surface of the land, excluding the
depressions in areas of much variation in elevation.
d. Man‑made satellites and Earth's moon.
e. Colonies which may choose the status of World Territory;
non‑independent territories under the trust administration of nations or
of the United Nations; any islands or atolls which are unclaimed by any
nation; independent lands or countries which choose the status of World
Territory; and disputed lands which choose the status of World Territory.
3. The residents of any World
Territory, except designated World Federal Zones, shall have the right
within reason to decide by plebiscite to become a self‑governing nation
within the Federation of Earth, either singly or in combination with other
World Territories, or to unite with an existing nation with the Federation
of Earth.
Sec. B ‑ Exterior Relations
1. The World Government shall
maintain exterior relations with those nations of Earth which have not
joined the Federation of Earth. Exterior relations shall be under the
administration of the Presidium, subject at all times to specific
instructions and approval by the World Parliament.
2. All treaties and agreements
with nations remaining outside the Federation of Earth shall be negotiated
by the Presidium and must be ratified by a simple majority vote of the
three Houses of the World Parliament.
3. The World Government for
the Federation of Earth shall establish and maintain peaceful relations
with other planets and celestial bodies where and when it may become
possible to establish communications with the possible inhabitants
thereof.
4. All explorations into outer
space, both within and beyond the solar system in which Planet Earth is
located, shall be under the exclusive direction and control of the World
Government, and shall be conducted in such manner as shall be determined
by the World Parliament.
Sec. A ‑ Ratification of
the World Constitution
This World Constitution shall
be submitted to the nations and people of Earth for ratification by the
following procedures:
1. The World Constitution
shall be transmitted to the General Assembly of the United Nations
Organization and to each national government on Earth, with the request
that the World Constitution be submitted to the national legislature of
each nation for preliminary ratification and to the people of each nation
for final ratification by popular referendum.
2. Preliminary ratification by
a national legislature shall be accomplished by simple majority vote of
the national legislature.
3. Final ratification by the
people shall be accomplished by a simple majority of votes cast in a
popular referendum, provided that a minimum of twenty‑five percent of
eligible voters of age eighteen years and over have cast ballots within
the nation or country or within World Electoral and Administrative
Districts.
4. In the case of a nation
without a national legislature, the head of the national government shall
be requested to give preliminary ratification and to submit the World
Constitution for final ratification by popular referendum.
5. In the event that a
national government, after six months, fails to submit the World
Constitution for ratification as requested, then the global agency
assuming responsibility for the worldwide ratification campaign may
proceed to conduct a direct referendum for ratification of the World
Constitution by the people. Direct referendums may be organized on the
basis of entire nations or countries, or on the basis of existing defined
communities within nations.
6. In the event of a direct
ratification referendum, final ratification shall be accomplished by a
majority of the votes cast whether for an entire nation or for a World
Electoral and Administrative District, provided that ballots are cast by a
minimum o f twenty‑five percent of eligible voters of the area who are
over eighteen years of age.
7. For ratification by
existing communities within a nation, the procedure shall be to request
local communities, cities, counties, states, provinces, cantons,
prefectures, tribal jurisdictions, or other defined political units within
a nation to ratify the World Constitution, and to submit the World
Constitution for a referendum vote by the citizens of the community or
political unit. Ratification may be accomplished by proceeding in this way
until all eligible voters of age eighteen and above within the nation or
World Electoral and Administrative District have had the opportunity to
vote, provided that ballots are cast by a minimum of twenty‑five percent
of those eligible to vote.
8. Prior to the Full Operative
Stage of World Government, as defined under Section E of Article XVII, the
universities, colleges and scientific academies and institutes in any
country may ratify the World Constitution, thus qualifying them for
participation in the nomination of Members of the World Parliament to the
House of Counselors.
9. In the case of those
nations currently involved in serious international disputes or where
traditional enmities and chronic disputes may exist among two or more
nations, a procedure for concurrent paired ratification shall be
instituted whereby the nations which are parties to a current or chronic
international dispute or conflict may simultaneously ratify the World
Constitution. In such cases, the paired nations shall be admitted into the
Federation of Earth simultaneously, with the obligation for each such
nation to immediately turn over all weapons of mass destruction to the
World Government, and to turn over the conflict or dispute for mandatory
peaceful settlement by the World Government.
10. Each nation or political
unit which ratifies this World Constitution, either by preliminary
ratification or final ratification, shall be bound never to use any armed
forces or weapons of mass destruction against another member or unit of
the Federation of Earth, regardless of how long it may take to achieve
full disarmament of all the nations and political units which ratify this
World Constitution.
11. When ratified, the
Constitution for the Federation of Earth becomes the supreme law of Earth.
By the act of ratifying this Earth Constitution, any provision in the
Constitution or Legislation of any country so ratifying, which is contrary
to this Earth Constitution, is either repealed or amended to conform with
the Constitution for the Federation of Earth, effective as soon as 25
countries have so ratified. The amendment of National or State
Constitutions to allow entry into World Federation is not necessary prior
to ratification of the Constitution for the Federation of Earth.
Sec. B ‑ Stages of
Implementation
1. Implementation of this
World Constitution and the establishment of World Government pursuant to
the terms of this World Constitution, may be accomplished in three stages,
as follows, in addition to the stage of a Provisional World Government as
provided under Article 19:
a. First
Operative Stage of World Government.
b. Second
Operative Stage of World Government.
c. Full Operative Stage of World Government.
2. At the beginning and during
each stage, the World Parliament and the World Executive together shall
establish goals and develop means for the progressive implementation of
the World Constitution, and for the implementation of legislation enacted
by the World Parliament.
Sec. C ‑ First Operative Stage
of World Government
1. The first operative stage
of World Government under this World Constitution shall be implemented
when the World Constitution is ratified by a sufficient number of nations
and/or people to meet one or the other of the following conditions or
equivalent :
a. Preliminary or final ratification by a minimum of twenty‑five
nations, each having a population of more than 100,000.
b. Preliminary or final ratification by a minimum of ten nations
above 100,000 population, together with ratification by direct referendum
within a minimum of fifty additional World Electoral and Administrative
Districts.
c. Ratification by direct referendum within a minimum of 100 World
Electoral and Administrative Districts, even though no nation as such has
ratified.
2. The election of Members of
the World Parliament to the House of Peoples shall be conducted in all
World Electoral and Administrative Districts where ratification has been
accomplished by popular referendum.
3. The Election of Members of
the World Parliament to the House of Peoples may proceed concurrently with
direct popular referendums both prior to and after the First Operative
Stage of World Government is reached.
4. The appointment or election
of Members of the World Parliament to the House of Nations shall proceed
in all nations where preliminary ratification has been accomplished.
5. One‑fourth of the Members
of the World Parliament to the House of Counselors may be elected from
nominees submitted by universities and colleges which have ratified the
World Constitution.
6. The World Presidium and the
Executive Cabinet shall be elected according to the provisions in article
VI, except that in the absence of a House of Counselors, the nominations
shall be made by the members of the House of Peoples and of the House of
Nations in joint session. Until this is accomplished, the Presidium and
Executive Cabinet of the Provisional World Government as provided in
Article 19, shall continue to serve.
7. When composed, the
Presidium for the first operative stage of World Government shall assign
or re‑assign Ministerial posts among Cabinet and Presidium members, and
shall immediately establish or confirm a World Disarmament Agency and a
World Economic and Development Organization.
8. Those nations which ratify
this World Constitution and thereby join the Federation of Earth, shall
immediately transfer all weapons of mass destruction as defined and
designated by the World Disarmament Agency to that Agency. (See Article
19, Sections A‑2‑d, B‑6 and E‑5). The World Disarmament Agency shall
immediately immobilize all such weapons and shall proceed with dispatch to
dismantle, convert to peacetime use, re‑cycle the materials thereof or
otherwise destroy all such weapons. During the first operative stage of
World Government, the ratifying nations may retain armed forces equipped
with weapons other than weapons of mass destruction as defined and
designated by the World Disarmament Agency.
9. Concurrently with the
reduction or elimination of such weapons of mass destruction and other
military expenditures as can be accomplished during the first operative
stage of World Government, the member nations of the Federation of Earth
shall pay annually to the Treasury of the World Government amounts equal
to one‑half the amounts saved from their respective national military
budgets during the last year before joining the Federation, and shall
continue such payments until the full operative stage of World Government
is reached. The World Government shall use fifty percent of the funds thus
received to finance the work and projects of the World Economic
Development Organization.
10. The World Parliament and
the World Executive shall continue to develop the organs, departments,
agencies and activities originated under the Provisional World Government,
with such amendments as deemed necessary; and shall proceed to establish
and beg in the following organs, departments and agencies of the World
Government, if not already underway, together with such other departments,
and agencies as are considered desirable and feasible during the first
operative stage of World Government:
a. The World Supreme Court;
b. The Enforcement System;
c. The World Ombudsmus;
d. The World Civil Service Administration;
e. The World Financial Administration;
f. The Agency for Research and Planning;
g. The Agency for Technological and Environmental Assessment;
h. An Emergency Earth Rescue Administration, concerned with all
aspects of climate change and related factors;
i. An Integrated Global Energy System, based on environmentally
safe sources;
j. A World University System, under the Department of Education;
k. A World Corporations Office, under the Department of Commerce
and Industry;
l. The World Service Corps;
m. A World Oceans and Seabeds Administration.
11. At the beginning of the
first operative stage, the Presidium in consultation with the Executive
Cabinet shall formulate and put forward a proposed program for solving the
most urgent world problems currently confronting humanity.
12. The World Parliament shall
proceed to work upon solutions to world problems. The World Parliament and
the World Executive working together shall institute through the several
organs, departments and agencies of the World Government whatever means
shall seem appropriate and feasible to accomplish the implementation and
enforcement of world legislation, world law and the World Constitution;
and in particular shall take certain decisive actions for the welfare of
all people on Earth, applicable throughout the world, including but not
limited to the following:
a. Expedite the organization and work of an Emergency Earth Rescue
Administration, concerned with all aspects of climate change and climate
crises;
b. Expedite the new finance, credit and monetary system, to serve
human needs;
c. Expedite an integrated global energy system, utilizing solar
energy, hydrogen energy, and other safe and sustainable sources of energy;
d. Push forward a global program for agricultural production to
achieve maximum sustained yield under conditions which are ecologically
sound;
e. Establish conditions for free trade within the Federation of
Earth;
f. Call for and find ways to implement a moratorium on nuclear
energy projects until all problems are solved concerning safety, disposal
of toxic wastes and the dangers of use or diversion of materials for the
production of nuclear weapons;
g. Outlaw and find ways to completely terminate the production of
nuclear weapons and all weapons of mass destruction;
h. Push forward programs to assure adequate and non‑polluted water
supplies and clean air supplies for everybody on Earth;
i. Push forward a global program to conserve and re‑cycle the
resources of Earth.
j. Develop an acceptable program to bring population growth under
control, especially by raising standards of living.
Sec. D ‑ Second Operative Stage
of World Government
1. The second operative stage
of World Government shall be implemented when fifty percent or more of the
nations of Earth have given either preliminary or final ratification to
this World Constitution, provided that fifty percent of the total
population of Earth is included either within the ratifying nations or
within the ratifying nations together with additional World Electoral and
Administrative Districts where people have ratified the World Constitution
by direct referendum.
2. The election and
appointment of Members of the World Parliament to the several Houses of
the World Parliament shall proceed in the same manner as specified for the
first operative stage in Section C‑2,3,4 and 5 of Article 17.
3. The terms of office of the
Members of the World Parliament elected or appointed for the first
operative stage of World Government, shall be extended into the second
operative stage unless they have already served five year terms, in which
case new elections or appointments shall be arranged. The terms of
holdover Members of the World Parliament into the second operative stage
shall be adjusted to run concurrently with the terms of those who are
newly elected at the beginning of the second operative stage.
4. The World Presidium and the
Executive Cabinet shall be re‑constituted or reconfirmed, as needed, at
the beginning of the second operative stage of World Government.
5. The World Parliament and
the World Executive shall continue to develop the organs, departments,
agencies and activities which are already underway from the first
operative stage of World Government, with such amendments as deemed
necessary; and shall proceed to establish and develop all other organs and
major departments and agencies of the World Government to the extent
deemed feasible during the second operative stage.
6. All nations joining the
Federation of Earth to compose the second operative stage of World
Government, shall immediately transfer all weapons of mass destruction and
all other military weapons and equipment to the World Disarmament Agency,
which shall immediately immobilize such weapons and equipment and shall
proceed forthwith to dismantle, convert to peacetime uses, recycle the
materials thereof, or otherwise destroy such weapons and equipment. During
the second operative stage, all armed forces and para‑military forces of
the nations which have joined the Federation of Earth shall be completely
disarmed and either disbanded or converted on a voluntary basis into
elements of the non‑military World Service Corps.
7. Concurrently with the
reduction or elimination of such weapons, equipment and other military
expenditures as can be accomplished during the second operative stage of
World Government, the member nations of the Federation of Earth shall pay
annually to the Treasury of the World Government amounts equal to one‑half
of the amounts saved from their national military budgets during the last
year before joining the Federation and shall continue such payments until
the full operative stage of World Government is reached. The World
Government shall use fifty percent of the funds thus received to finance
the work and projects of the World Economic Development Organization.
8. Upon formation of the
Executive Cabinet for the second operative stage, the Presidium shall
issue an invitation to the General Assembly of the United Nations
Organization and to each of the specialized agencies of the United
Nations, as well as to other useful international agencies, to transfer
personnel, facilities, equipment, resources and allegiance to the
Federation of Earth and to the World Government thereof. The agencies and
functions of the United Nations Organization and of its specialized
agencies and of other international agencies which may be thus
transferred, shall be reconstituted as needed and integrated into the
several organs, departments, offices and agencies of the World Government.
9. Near the beginning of the
second operative stage, the Presidium in consultation with the Executive
cabinet, shall formulate and put forward a proposed program for solving
the most urgent world problems currently confronting the people of Earth.
10. The World Parliament shall
proceed with legislation necessary for implementing a complete program for
solving the current urgent world problems.
11. The World Parliament and
the World Executive working together shall develop through the several
organs, departments and agencies of the World Government whatever means
shall seem appropriate and feasible to implement legislation for solving
world problems; and in particular shall take certain decisive actions for
the welfare of all people on Earth, including but not limited to the
following:
a. Declaring all oceans, seas and canals having supra‑national
character (but not including inland seas traditionally belonging to
particular nations) from twenty kilometers offshore, and all the seabeds
thereof, to be under the ownership of the Federation of Earth as the
common heritage of humanity, and subject to the control and management of
the World Government.
b. Declare the polar caps and surrounding polar areas, including
the continent of Antarctica but not areas which are traditionally a part
of particular nations, to be world territory owned by the Federation of
Earth as the common heritage of humanity, and subject to control and
management by the World Government.
c. Outlaw the possession, stockpiling, sale and use of all nuclear
weapons, all weapons of mass destruction, and all other military weapons
and equipment.
d. Establish an ever‑normal granary and food supply system for the
people of Earth.
e. Develop and carry forward insofar as feasible all actions
defined under Sec. C‑10 and C‑12 of the First Operative Stage.
Sec. E ‑ Full Operative Stage
of World Government
1. The full operative stage of
World Government shall be implemented when this World Constitution is
given either preliminary or final ratification by meeting either condition
(a) or (b):
a. Ratification by eighty percent or more of the nations of Earth
comprising at least ninety percent of the population of Earth; or
b. Ratification which includes ninety percent of Earth's total
population, either within ratifying nations or within ratifying nations
together with additional World Electoral and Administrative Districts
where ratification by direct referendum has been accomplished, as provided
in Article 17, Section A.
2. When the full operative
stage of World Government is reached, the following conditions shall be
implemented:
a. Elections for Members of the House of Peoples shall be
conducted in all World Electoral and Administrative Districts where
elections have not already taken place; and Members of the House of
Nations shall be elected or appointed by the national legislatures or
national governments in all nations where this has not already been
accomplished.
b. The terms of office for Members of the House of Peoples and of
the House of Nations serving during the second operative stage, shall be
continued into the full operative stage, except for those who have already
served five years, in which case elections shall be held or appointments
made as required.
c. The terms of office for all holdover Members of the House of
Peoples and of the House of Nations who have served less than five years,
shall be adjusted to run concurrently with those Members of the World
Parliament whose terms are beginning with the full operative stage.
d. The second 100 Members of the House of Counselors shall be
elected according to the procedure specified in Section E of Article 5.
The terms of office for holdover Members of the House of Counselors shall
run five more years after the beginning of the full operative stage, while
those beginning their terms with the full operative stage shall serve ten
years.
e. The Presidium and the Executive Cabinet shall be reconstituted
in accordance with the provisions of Article VI.
f. All organs of the World Government shall be made fully
operative, and shall be fully developed for the effective administration
and implementation of world legislation, world law and the provisions of
this World Constitution.
g. All nations which have not already done so shall immediately
transfer all military weapons and equipment to the World Disarmament
Agency, which shall immediately immobilize all such weapons and shall
proceed forthwith to dismantle, convert to peaceful usage, recycle the
materials thereof, or otherwise to destroy such weapons and equipment.
h. All armies and military forces of every kind shall be
completely disarmed, and either disbanded or converted and integrated on a
voluntary basis into the non‑military World Service Corps.
i. All viable agencies of the United Nations Organization and
other viable international agencies established among national
governments, together with their personnel, facilities and resources,
shall be transferred to the World Government and reconstituted and
integrated as may be useful into the organs, departments, offices,
institutes, commissions, bureaus and agencies of the World Government.
j. The World Parliament and the World Executive shall continue to
develop the activities and projects which are already underway from the
second operative stage of World Government, with such amendments as deemed
necessary; and shall proceed with a complete and full scale program to
solve world problems and serve the welfare of all people on Earth, in
accordance with the provisions of this World Constitution.
Sec. F ‑ Costs of Ratification
The work and costs of private
Citizens of Earth for the achievement of a ratified Constitution for the
Federation of Earth, are recognized as legitimate costs for the
establishment of constitutional world government by which present and
future generations will benefit, and shall be repaid double the original
amount by the World Financial Administration of the World Government when
it becomes operational after 25 countries have ratified this Constitution
for the Federation of Earth. Repayment specifically includes contributions
to the World Government Funding Corporation and other costs and expenses
recognized by standards and procedures to be established by the World
Financial Administration.
1.
Following completion of the first operative stage of World Government,
amendments to this World Constitution may be proposed for consideration in
two ways:
a. By a simple majority vote of any House of the World Parliament.
b. By petitions signed by a total of 200,000 persons eligible to
vote in world elections from a total of at least twenty World Electoral
and Administrative Districts where the World Constitution has received
final ratification.
2. Passage of any amendment
proposed by a House of the World Parliament shall require an absolute
two‑thirds majority vote of each of the three Houses of the World
Parliament voting separately.
3. An amendment proposed by
popular petition shall first require a simple majority vote of the House
of Peoples, which shall be obliged to take a vote upon the proposed
amendment. Passage of the amendment shall then require an absolute
two‑thirds majority vote of each of the three Houses of the World
Parliament voting separately.
4. Periodically, but no later
than ten years after first convening the World Parliament for the First
Operative Stage of World Government, and every 20 years thereafter, the
Members of the World Parliament shall meet in special session comprising a
Constitutional Convention to conduct a review of this World Constitution
to consider and propose possible amendments, which shall then require
action as specified in Clause 2 of Article XVIII for passage.
5. If the First Operative
Stage of World Government is not reached by the year 1995, then the
Provisional World Parliament, as provided under Article XIX, may convene
another session of the World Constituent Assembly to review the
Constitution for the Federation of Earth and consider possible amendments
according to procedure established by the Provisional World Parliament.
6. Except by following the
amendment procedures specified herein, no part of this World Constitution
may be set aside, suspended or subverted, neither for emergencies nor
caprice nor convenience.
Sec. A ‑ Actions to be
Taken by the World Constituent Assembly
Upon adoption of the World
Constitution by the World Constituent Assembly, the Assembly and such
continuing agency or agencies as it shall designate shall do the
following, without being limited thereto:
1. Issue a Call to all
Nations, communities and people of Earth to ratify this World Constitution
for World Government.
2. Establish the following
preparatory commissions:
a. Ratification Commission.
b. World Elections Commission.
c. World Development Commission.
d. World Disarmament Commission.
e. World Problems Commission.
f. Nominating Commission.
g. Finance Commission.
h. Peace Research and Education Commission.
i. Special commissions on each of several of the most urgent world
problems.
j. Such other commissions as may be deemed desirable in order to
proceed with the Provisional World Government.
3. Convene Sessions of a
Provisional World Parliament when feasible under the following conditions:
a. Seek the commitment of 500 or more delegates to attend,
representing people in 20 countries from five continents, and having
credentials defined by Article 19, Section C;
b. The minimum funds necessary to organize the sessions of the
Provisional World Parliament are either on hand or firmly pledged.
c. Suitable locations are confirmed at least nine months in
advance, unless emergency conditions justify shorter advance notice.
Sec. B ‑ Work of the
Preparatory Commissions
1. The Ratification Commission
shall carry out a worldwide campaign for the ratification of the World
Constitution, both to obtain preliminary ratification by national
governments, including national legislatures, and to obtain final
ratification by people, including communities. The ratification commission
shall continue its work until the full operative stage of World Government
is reached.
2. The World Elections
Commission shall prepare a provisional global map of World Electoral and
Administrative Districts and Regions which may be revised during the first
or second operative stage of World Government, and shall prepare and
proceed with plans to obtain the election of Members of the World
Parliament to the House of Peoples and to the House of Counselors. The
World Elections Commission shall in due course be converted into the World
Boundaries and Elections Administration.
3. After six months, in those
countries where national governments have not responded favorable to the
ratification call, the Ratification Commission and the World Elections
Commission may proceed jointly to accomplish both the ratification of the
World Constitution by direct popular referendum and concurrently the
election of Members of the World Parliament.
4. The Ratification Commission
may also submit the World Constitution for ratification by universities
and colleges throughout the world.
5. The World Development
Commission shall prepare plans for the creation of a World Economic
Development Organization to serve all nations and people ratifying the
World Constitution, and in particular less developed countries, to begin
functioning when the Provisional World Government is established.
6. The World Disarmament
Commission shall prepare plans for the organization of a World Disarmament
Agency, to begin functioning when the Provisional World Government is
established.
7. The World Problems
Commission shall prepare an agenda of urgent world problems, with
documentation, for possible action by the Provisional World Parliament and
Provisional World Government.
8. The Nominating Commission
shall prepare, in advance of convening the Provisional World Parliament, a
list of nominees to compose the Presidium and the Executive Cabinet for
the Provisional World Government.
9. The Finance Commission
shall work on ways and means for financing the Provisional World
Government.
10. The several commissions on
particular world problems shall work on the preparation of proposed world
legislation and action on each problem, to present to the Provisional
World Parliament when it convenes.
Sec. C ‑ Composition of the
Provisional World Parliament
1. The Provisional World
Parliament shall be composed of the following members:
a. All those who were accredited as delegates to the 1977 and 1991
Sessions of the World Constituent Assembly, as well as to any previous
Session of the Provisional World Parliament, and who re‑confirm their
support for the Constitution for the Federation of Earth, as amended.
b. Persons who obtain the required number of signatures on
election petitions, or who are designated by Non‑Governmental
Organizations which adopt approved resolutions for this purpose, or who
are otherwise accredited according to terms specified in Calls which may
be issued to convene particular sessions of the Provisional World
Parliament.
c. Members of the World Parliament to the House of Peoples who are
elected from World Electoral and Administrative Districts up to the time
of convening the Provisional World Parliament. Members of the World
Parliament elected to the House of Peoples may continue to be added to the
Provisional World Parliament until the first operative stage of World
Government is reached.
d. Members of the World Parliament to the House of Nations who are
elected by national legislatures or appointed by national governments up
to the time of convening the Provisional World Parliament. Members of the
World Parliament to the House of Nations may continue to be added to the
Provisional World Parliament until the first operative stage of World
Government is reached.
e. Those universities and colleges which have ratified the World
Constitution may nominate persons to serve as Members of the World
Parliament to the House of Counselors. The House of Peoples and House of
Nations together may then elect from such nominees up to fifty Members of
the World Parliament to serve in the House of Counselors of the
Provisional World Government.
2. Members of the Provisional
World Parliament in categories (a) and (b) as defined above, shall serve
only until the first operative stage of World Government is declared, but
may be duly elected to continue as Members of the World Parliament during
the first operative stage.
Sec. D ‑ Formation of the
Provisional World Executive
1. As soon as the Provisional
World Parliament next convenes, it will elect a new Presidium for the
Provisional World Parliament and Provisional World Government from among
the nominees submitted by the Nominating Commission.
2. Members of the Provisional
World Presidium shall serve terms of three years, and may be re‑elected by
the Provisional World Parliament, but in any case shall serve only until
the Presidium is elected under the First Operative Stage of World
Government.
3. The Presidium may make
additional nominations for the Executive Cabinet.
4. The Provisional World
Parliament shall then elect the members of the Executive Cabinet.
5. The Presidium shall then
assign ministerial posts among the members of the Executive Cabinet and of
the Presidium.
6. When steps (1) through (4)
of section D are completed, the Provisional World Government shall be
declared in operation to serve the welfare of humanity.
Sec. E ‑ First Actions of the
Provisional World Government
1. The Presidium, in
consultation with the Executive Cabinet, the commissions on particular
world problems and the World Parliament, shall define a program for action
on urgent world problems.
2. The Provisional World
Parliament shall go to work on the agenda of world problems, and shall
take any and all actions it considers appropriate and feasible, in
accordance with the provisions of this World Constitution.
3. Implementation of and
compliance with the legislation enacted by the Provisional World
Parliament shall be sought on a voluntary basis in return for the benefits
to be realized, while strength of the Provisional World Government is
being increased by the progressive ratification of the World Constitution.
4. Insofar as considered
appropriate and feasible, the Provisional World Parliament and Provisional
World Executive may undertake some of the actions specified under Section
C‑12 of Article 17 for the first operative stage of World Government.
5. The World Economic
Development Organization and the World Disarmament Agency shall be
established, for correlated actions.
6. The World Parliament and
the Executive Cabinet of the Provisional World Government shall proceed
with the organization of other organs and agencies of the World Government
on a provisional basis, insofar as considered desirable and feasible, in
particular those specified under Section C‑10 of Article 17.
7. The several preparatory
commissions on urgent world problems may be reconstituted as
Administrative Departments of the Provisional World Government.
8. In all of its work and
activities, the Provisional World Government shall function in accordance
with the provisions of this Constitution for the Federation of Earth.
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End of the
Constitution
The Constitution for the
Federation of Earth was originally ratified at the second session of the
World Constituent Assembly held at Innsbruck, Austria in June, 1977; and was
amended and ratified at the fourth session of the World Constituent Assembly
held at Troia, Portugal in May 1991. The Amended Constitution is being
personally ratified by outstanding personalities throughout the world as the
campaign for ratification by the people and governments of the world
continues.
Signature pages of the
original signers in 1977 and 1991.
The World Constitution and Parliament Association keeps files
of thousands of persons who have become personal ratifiers of the
Constitution in addition to the original signers. The personal
ratification campaign continues alongside the campaign for ratification of
the peoples and nations of Earth.
CALL
to the GLOBAL RATIFICATION and ELECTIONS CAMPAIGN
In the course of history,
particularly during the past several hundred years, the technique of a
Constituent Assembly has been developed and used under various circumstances
as a means to devise the constitutions for democratic governments, either to
create new governments where none existed before or to replace old or
crumbling governments under both peaceful and revolutionary situations.
Sometimes such assemblies have
been appointed by existing governments. At other times, under the most
favorable circumstances, such assemblies have been elected by vote of
established electorates. But at other times such assemblies have been
composed and convened under circumstances where only a limited number of
people of the country or areas involved actually took part in the selection
of delegates. Only a small minority of any electorate might actually
participate during the time when a new democratic government is emerging
under conditions of revolution from tyranny or of political turmoil or
urgent crises; or in the absence of any organized political system which was
willing or able to supervise a vote of the total potential electorate for
such an assembly or newly emerging democratic government.
It is under the later kind of
circumstances that the move has gone forward during the years since World
War II for the organization of a World Constituent Assembly to devise the
constitution for a democratic form of federal world government. No previous
world government or competent world authority has existed to organize or
supervise elections to such a World Constituent Assembly. No universally
approved electoral lists exist for the conduct of such elections. Existing
national governments heretofore have proved unwilling or uninterested or
hostile or otherwise unable to assist in either the appointment or election
of working delegates to such a World Constituent Assembly, despite numerous
appeals ‑‑ although these appeals are continuing.
This Constitution has been
translated into twenty-two languages and distributed world-wide for study,
debates, and organizing by the citizens of Earth.
Under Article XIX of the
Constitution Provisional World Parliaments are being held in various
locations around the world to begin the process of elaboration of world law
as a model and an incentive for the people of the Earth to assert their
sovereignty and begin an official World Parliament upon ratification of this
Constitution. These have been organized by the World Constitution and
Parliament Association and The Institute on World Problems.
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