1. What is intelligence? What do IQ tests theoretically measure? IQ is normally distributed--explain? What is the average IQ score and what is its standard deviation? Is juvenile delinquency correlated with low IQ scores? Are IQ scores more or less correlated with juvenile delinquency than race or class? According to Hirschi and Hindelang, does IQ directly cause crime? According to these authors, how does IQ influence the rate of crime? Similarly, Herrnstein and Murray argue in the Bell Shaped Curve that the reason why the "war on poverty" failed (is failing) is because people are are poor because they lack the analytical ability required to successfully fill more prestigious and well paying occupations. Therefore, the war on poverty programs failed because people who are limited in their abstract ability cannot fundamentally alter an ability (i.e. IQ) that is genetic. That is, the innate talents of poor people limit their upward ability and the reason why they are poor cannot be placed on social structural failures. Using class lectures, assigned readings, and bulletin board postings thoroughly criticize this line of reasoning.

2. Using class lectures, emails, and assigned readings establish the argument that there may be a genetic component to crime. Why are genetic explanations of crime so difficult to prove? What methods are used to establish that there may be a genetic component to crime? Caspi et al. argue that it is the interplay between one's genetic makeup and the environment that ultimately places some individuals at serious risk for offending-explain. Why are genetic explanations of behavior, especially criminal behavior, so controversial? Include in your answer a discussion of why Virginia used forced sterilizations in your answer. Are there organic causes of crime? How significant are they in explaining rates of crime?

3. Outline in detail Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime? Explain how they claim that it is the ultimate cause of crime. In your explanation, include a detail explanation of how parenting leads to low self-control? According to their theory, why do some college students engage in more risky behaviors (sex without condoms, binge drinking, substance abuse, etc.) than others? What is ADHD? What percent of children have symptoms that would result in an ADHD diagnoses? Is ADHD a childhood disease that is primarily genetic in its origin? Unnever et al. found that parenting directly affects juvenile delinquency and that ADHD indirectly influences juvenile delinquency through its effect on low self-control. What relevance do these findings have for Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime? Using class lectures and assigned readings, critically evaluate Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime.