Exam I Study Guide

Exam II Study Guide

Psychology of Diverisity Sec 01: Fall 2004

Exam II Study Guide
Psychology of Diversity: Fall 2004

The examination will consist of approximately 30-35 multiple choice questions. Also, there will be at least 10 matching items (2 pt each). Finally, there will be 4 to 6 potential essay questions on the exam. You must answer 2 of them (10 pts each). One question is mandatory. For the remaining question, you will have some choice about what you answer.

You are responsible for all material presented in class and Chapters 4, 5, & 7 (the gender part) of Blaine ; and H&B ch. 9 (297-301, 309-325).

The material covered is approximately ½ from lecture and ½ from the book. You may notice that there really is not a whole lot of direct overlap between the two (though much of the logic and basis of the arguments is quite similar). You will need to carefully read each book chapter and familiarize your self with the major concepts (often indicated by italicized words, bulleted/numbered lists, and highlighted text boxes). Use the questions below to help focus your studying. Note that though you could provide single word answers to many of the questions, doing so will not sufficiently prepare you for this examination.

Prejudice
Blaine, Ch. 4 & Lecture Materials
1. How does Gordon Alport Define Prejudice? How does your instructor define prejudice?
2. What are positive and negative prejudice? Why are positive prejudices still problematic?
3. What does your instructor mean when he says “Prejudice is the spoiled fruit that grows from the cognitive vine. It sprouts from a kernel of truth among the weeds of distortion. It is fertilized by existential fear and the drive for self enhancement.”
4. How does prejudice enhance self esteem? What is Social Identity Theory and how does it explain prejudice regarding outgroups? What is BIRGing (Basking in Reflected Glory)?
5. How does positive self-esteem facilitate prejudice? What is relative deprivation?
6. What is Terror Management Theory? What is a world view and how does it protect us against death (symbolic and physical)? What is the Mortality Salience Paradigm? What happens to social judgements when one’s mortality is made salient to them?
7. What is Modern Prejudice? How does modern prejudice differ from old fashioned prejudice?
8. How can we measure prejudice when people are motivated to conceal it? What is the Bogus Pipeline? What is the Bonafide Pipeline? What types of research paradigms have been offered as bonafide pipeline methods and how do they work (e.g. outgroup homogeneity measures, lexical decision, IAT, etc..)
9. What is automatic prejudice? When are automatic prejudices most likely to influence our thinking? How is automatic prejudice demonstrated in Shelly Taylor’s (actually it was Susan Fiske, but I said Taylor in class) good citizen at the mall story, where her friend tackles the wrong guy?
10. How do personal beliefs differ from stereotypes? I.e. which one is faster, which one is conscious, which one requires effort, which one uses up cognitive resources.
11. What was Muzafer Sherif’s Robber’s Cave Study? What did it indicate about group conflict, including ways of increasing and decreasing it?
11. What is Alport’s (1954) Contact Hypothesis? What did Alport believe would result from increased contact with outgroup individuals? What limitations have been found to affect the effectiveness of contact? Why does contact reduce prejudice?
12. What is the Self Regulation view of prejudice reduction? What aspect of prejudice is it trying to combat and how does it work?

Gender
Blaine: Ch. 5, Ch. 7; & H&B Ch. 9 (p. 297-301, 309-325) and Gender Lecture
1. What problems are associated with defining sex and gender as biological and social processes, respectively? What solution to this problem does Kay Deaux offer?
2. What types of genetic and physical variations are there that challenge the notion that sex reflects a discrete and mutually exclusive dichotomy?
3. Even though Women make up a majority of the population, why can they be considered a Minority?
4. What evidence is there that women are under-represented within positions of status and power? What are the Glass Ceiling, the Sticky Floor, and Glass Escalator?
5. How do men and women in america, differ with respect to salaries and wealth in general.
6. What is Sexism? How has sexism been supported within the Judeo-Christian religious tradition and by western “science”? Bonus (Who are Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Coffin Mott, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton; be specific, look them up on the web).
7. What are Benevolent and Hostile sexism (as presented in the Ambivalent Sexism Scale)? What are the three components of Benevolent Sexism.
8. What are the stereotypic traits associated with men and women? Why are such stereotypes problematic?
9. What is Sandra Bem’s measure of gender roles, what does it reflect, and what categories of gender roles does it identify and how?
10. What is Gender Bias, how is it reflected in stereotypes, research, and medical and psychiatric perspectives? (handout and ch 5)
11. Are men and women different with respect to intellectual skills, helpfulness and empathy, aggression, and gullibility/susceptibility to influence?
12. How do stereotypes contribute to people’s tendency to exaggerate gender differences?
13. What socialization processes contribute to exaggerating perceived gender differences? What is Deaux & Major’s Social Interaction Model? How do social roles exaggerate perceived gender differences? What influence do the family, schools, and media have on exaggerating perceived gender differences?
14. What are Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals and how do they related to perceived gender differences?
15. What did to Nancy Signorielli’s study of MTV commercials demonstrate about media portrayals of female stereotypes? What have previous studies of TV and Gender Stereotypes demonstrated?
16. What was the main point of the documentary Paris is Burning. (Or if you read the Four Renditions article, what was the main point of that article), with respect to gender, homosexuality, and cross dressing. Similarly, what course concepts were reflected in each of these works.

[Home]