(1) Two brief Histories of the Provisional World Parliament and the Earth Constitution
(2) The relation of the Earth Constitution to the United Nations (by Eugenia Almand)
(4) Resumen de la
Constitución para la Federación de la Tierra
A Meeting with President Ayadema of Togo in 2003
From left to right: Dr. Eugenia Almand, Deputy Secretary-General of the World Constitution and Parliament Association and Secretary of the Provisional World Parliament, Dr. Terence P. Amerasinghe, President of the World Constitution and Parliament Association and President of the Provisional World Parliament, and Dr. Dominique Balouki, WCPA Coordinator for Africa, President Ayadema.
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1958. Agreement to Call a World Constitutional Convention initiated by four persons, circulated worldwide for signatures, requesting both national governments and people of each country to send delegates.1959-1960. World Committee for a World Constitutional Convention formed. Thousands sign the Agreement, including many prominent leaders. Organizers of this action travel around the world to enlist support.
1961-1962. Definitive Call to the World Constitutional Convention adopted. Many persons sign, including Heads of five national governments.
1963-1964. First Preparatory Congress held Denver, Colorado, USA, with delegates from five continents. Call to the World Constitutional Convention is publicly issued, then circulated for more signers and response.
1965-1966. Second Preparatory Congress held at Milan, Italy. Outline for Debate and Drafting of a World Constitution is formulated, on basis on alternative choices. Plan agreed for a Peoples’ World Parliament to meet concurrently.
1967. Decision made at Third Preparatory Congress to begin Convention in 1968, even if no government sends delegates. 300 Peoples Delegates pledged.
1968. First working sessions of World Constitutional Convention and Peoples’ World Convention held at Interlaken, Switzerland, and Wolfach, W. Germany with 200 Peoples Delegates from 27 countries, of five continents. Work begun on drafting the World Constitution.
1969-1971. Strategy for Reclaiming Earth for Humanity is circulated. Emergency Council of World Trustees meets, Santa Barbara, Calif., and issues First Decree for Protection of Life, outlawing nuclear weapons. Directions given to drafting commission.
1972. World Constitution drafting commission of four persons works for two months, almost completes first draft of Constitution for the Federation of Earth.
1973-1975. First draft finished, printed in 1974, then circulated worldwide for comment, together with Call to the second session in 1977, now defined as the World Constituent Assembly. Comments on first draft complied.
1976. Drafting Commission meets again. Second draft completed, circulated, 1977. Second Session of World Constituent Assembly held in June, Innsbruck, Austria. Earth Constitution debated paragraph by paragraph, amended, then adopted with 138 original signers from 25 countries of 6 continents. Call for ratification by the nations and peoples of Earth is issued. Constitution is sent to U.N. General Assembly and to all national governments.
1978-1980. Earth Constitution is circulated worldwide for debate and ratification. Third session of World Constituent Assembly held January, 1979, Colombo, Sri Lanka; adopts Rationale For a World Constituent Assembly, defining right of people to convene Assembly, draft constitution, and obtain ratification. Appeal issued for national parliaments to ratify.
1981. World Constitution & Parliament Assn. meets at New Delhi, India. Call issued for Provisional World Parliament to convene 1982 under terms of Article 19 of the Earth Constitution. Honorary Sponsor list of 150 prominent persons enrolled.
1982. First Session of Provisional World Parliament meets at Brighton, England. Delegates form 25 countries of 6 continents. Five world Legislative Acts are adopted: for World Disarmament Agency, World Economic Development, Ownership of Oceans & Seabeds, Graduate School of World Problems, and World Courts.
1983-1984. First Provisional District World Court organized in Los Angeles; takes up case of outlawing nuclear weapons. Plans for Provisional World Parliament in Sudan and Nigeria thwarted by military coups.
1985. Second Session of Provisional World Parliament held New Delhi, India. Opened by President of India, presided by speaker of Lok Sabha. Three more World Legislative Acts adopted: for Emergency Earth Rescue Administration, World Government Funding, and Commission on Terrorism.
1986. Campaign continued for “provisional” ratification of the Constitution for the Federation of Earth, pending review at next World Constituent Assembly.
1987. Third session of Provisional World Parliament held Miami Beach, Florida. Three more World Legislative Acts are adopted: for Global Finance System, Environment Protection, and Hydrogen Energy. Provisional World Cabinet begun.
1988-1989. Plan launched for collaboration by many organizations to prepare next session of World Constituent Assembly. 150 organizations join in Preparatory Committee. Two meetings held in New York with U. N. Ambassadors, to explain and solicit help. List of Honorary Sponsors reconfirmed and expanded.
1990. Government of Egypt agrees to host Assembly. Three preparatory meetings held. Call circulated for Governments and People to send delegates.
1991. Location of 4th session World Constituent Assembly abruptly changed due to the 1991 Gulf War. Held at Troia, Portugal, in May. Delegates adopt 59 minor amendments to the Earth Constitution. New ratification campaign begun, appealing to both people and governments. Most Honorary Sponsors personally ratify.
1992. Global Ratification & Elections Network organized, including several hundred organizations, to promote ratification of the Constitution for the Federation of Earth, then election of delegates to World Parliament. Government heads should also ratify.
1996. The Fourth Session of the Provisional World Parliament held at Barcelona, Spain in September. A number of resolutions passed as well as a “Manifesto” declaring the oceans the property of the people of Earth under the authority of the Earth Constitution.
2000. The Fifth Session of the Provisional World Parliament is held on the Island of Malta, November 22nd to 27th. One Omnibus legislative act and a number of resolutions passed.
2003. The Sixth Session of the Provisional World Parliament held in Bangkok, Thailand, March 23rd to 28th. Several important legislative acts passed: a World Peace Act, a World Security Act, a Provisional Office of World Revenue Act, a Hydrocarbon Resource Act, and a Statute for the World Court on Human Rights. The Commission for Legislative Review is formed. Parliamentary law format commenses with the Sixth Session.
2003. The Seventh Session of the Provisional World Parliament is held at Chennai, India, December 23-29. Several important legislative acts passed: a Criminal Penalty Code, Rules for Procedure and Evidence, a World Bench for Criminal Cases Act, a World Patents Act, a Global Accounting and Auditing Standards Act, and a Preservation of World Government Records Act. The Manifesto of the Earth Federation (Chapter Three above) and the “Pledge of Allegiance to the Earth Constitution” (part of Chapter Seven above) are unamimously ratified by the Parliament.
2004. The Eighth Session of the Provisional World Parliament held at Lucknow, India in August. Several important legislative acts passed, including creation of a World Bench for Juvenile Cases, a Child Rights Act, an Elections Act, and a Water Act. The International Criminal Court in the Hague is empowered by world legislation. A global Education Act is passed as well as a World Economic Equity Act establishing the Earth Currency on an independent and fully democratic basis. A Global People’s Assembly is created to activate grass roots participation in the House of Peoples. The “Declaration on the Rights of Peoples” (part of Chapter Two above) is unanimously ratified.
2005-2006. Action begins for transforming the Global Ratification and Elections Network into the Earth Federation Movement. Planning continues for the Ninth Session of the Provisional World Parliament to be held in Libya, Africa, February-March, 2006.
Note: Most of the above legislative acts can be found on the websites of WCPA (www.wcpa.biz) and IOWP (www.worldproblems.net). The full texts of all, along with summaries and analyses, can be found in the forthcoming volume: Emerging World Law, Eugenia Almand and Glen T. Martin, eds., Sun City, AZ: Institute for Economic Democracy Press, 2006.
Four basic documents with analysis, commentary, and background can be found in World Revolution Through World Law - Basic Documents of the Emerging Earth Federation, Edited, with an Introduction and Other Writings by Glen T. Martin, Sun City, AZ: Institute for Economic Democracy Press, 2005
Brief History
Provisional World Parliament
by Eugenia Almand
Executive Director, Institute on World Problems
1. The World Government Movement. A substantive history of the overall world government movement goes back almost one hundred years. Understanding of the history of the overall world government movement helps in the understanding of the substantive history of the Provisional World Parliament, which goes back only about forty years.
Some historical lessons of the overall world government movement are on the Internet. A few notable leaders include Rosika Schwimmer (the first woman ambassador in the modern age, serving Hungary in Switzerland); Emery Reves, who wrote Anatomy of Peace; Albert Einstein, who campaigned the last ten years of his life for world government (not for the United Nations); Garry Davis, who created (and still creates) certain legal and service foundations for World Government; and hundreds of other eminent thinkers of the era.
After the Montreux Conference of 1947 and the University of Chicago Committee to Frame a World Constitution in 1948, many eminent thinkers were convinced of the necessity for a constitutional basis for the creation of any initial world parliamentary system.
2. Provisional World Parliaments under the Earth Constitution.
The Provisional World Parliaments have emerged interspersed with sessions of
the World Constituent Assembly, which is for drafting and improving the
Constitution for the Federation of Earth. The Earth Constitution defines the
basic structure and operation for provisional world government, world
government and the Provisional World Parliament.
The Provisional World Parliament has met five times: Brighton, England in 1982; New Delhi, India in 1985; Miami Beach, USA in 1987; Barcelona, Spain in 1996 and Qawra, Malta in 2000. The first three meetings were stronger than the last two, based upon the proposed bills, the number of participants, and the favorable interest of national leaderships.
Notably, the Second session in New Delhi was inaugurated by the India government itself, although the India government did not go so far as to ratify the Earth Constitution to make itself an official participant. The then President of India Zail Singh inaugurated, and the then Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Hon. Bal Ram Jakhar, served as speaker of the Provisional World Parliament. It was national headlines at the time.
The third session of the Provisional World Parliament was held at the Prestigious Fountainbleu Hotel in Miami Beach. It was not given the same media attention as the second session. The most notable dignitary to briefly visit the session was the then Speaker of the US House of Representatives, Tip O'Neill.
The fourth session was to convene at Innsbruck, Austria. Due to denial of visas to our delegates by national governments, this was changed to the Principality of Andorra, and then finally to Barcelona. The parliament's legislative program was not strong, but the Parliament did succeed in adopting important amendments to two of the world legislative acts, number 6, to help vitalize the oceans, and number 11, to strengthen the fiscal system for implementation of the legislation.
The fifth session of the Provisional World Parliament was to meet in Baghdad, Iraq, then Syrt, Libya, and finally in Qawra, Malta. Again the changes of venue were due to world tensions and the politics of nation-states. At this Parliament several significant resolutions were passed, but there was only one legislative bill debated, an omnibus bill left over from the fourth session.
3. Organization of the Sixth Session of the PWP. Soon after the fifth session, the 87 year old Secretary General (Philip Isely) of the then organizing agent (the World Constitution and Parliament Association) became very seriously ill for about two months. It was thought by the doctors that he would probably die. He slowly recovered. However, since his recovery he has not laid out or effected strong plans for the growth of the program. He closed his office, except for a single worker, primarily to handle personal bills. Virtually all his moments, finances and energy has been spent in recuperation, with practically no communication to the dedicated parliamentarians who would like to see the movement continue and grow.
We several concerned members of the Parliament have sensed it necessary to continue drawing up plans for the continuity of the Provisional World Parliament, even though this former important contributor is not able to participate. As officers in the Graduate School of World Problems and the newly created Institute on World Problems, we have continued the work of organizing Provisional World Parliaments. We have introduced several new focuses for the movement: (1) Professionalize the quality of the legislation by adopting stringent drafting guidelines; (2) Professionalize the quality of the deliberations by strong encouragement of knowledge and conformity to well-established parliamentary rules of order; (3) Complete the enabling legislation for the primary organs of the Provisional World Government, as defined by the Earth Constitution; (4) Converge the movements of Provisional World Government by officially adopting best practices from world government organizations formerly outside of the Provisional World Parliament and its former organizing agent.
The sixth session of the Provisional World Parliament was particularly vital, since it deliberated legislative bills regarding each of the above four points. Earlier, there were no drafting guidelines for world legislation. Unlike the Earth Constitution, much of the world legislation was drafted by persons and committees that were concerned world citizens, but who did not have a strong background in law and legislation. This resulted in an unstandardized codification system and a multitude of ambiguous legislative provisions.
These two errors make it more difficult for established parliamentary governments to seriously consider the great value of the world legislation. With a professional level drafting code, this problem can properly be addressed. See professional code at http://www.lc.state.or.us/pdfs/dmchp2.pdf Formerly, some leaders of organizing agent for the Parliament felt that knowledge of parliamentary law by the participants to sessions of the Provisional World Parliament was not desirable, because it could result in the members of the Parliament taking control of the Session.
However, experience has shown that a lack of knowledge of the basic rules of parliamentary procedure leads to a more nefarious condition, in which the members are unclear of how to conduct business. A tiny unparliamentary faction can easily wrest control under such circumstances of ignorance. The strength of the parliament wanes, if it is merely a meeting called a parliament, but its members are not participating as parliamentarians with a knowledge of basic parliamentary rules.
The Provisional World Parliament recognizes Robert's Rules of Order, as well as Erskine May Code. However, Robert's Rules are more universally available and are therefore of stronger applicability. Vital enabling legislation has to do with inaugurating the functions of the World Ombudsmus and of the Enforcement System, as defined in the Earth Constitution.
The World Security Act Bill addresses the creation of a true non-military enforcement system. The Human Rights Court Bill addresses the foundations for the World Ombudmus. Also, the Human Rights Court Bill is a vital outgrowth of the World Government of World Citizens, which means that with the adoption of the bill as an Act, a convergence of world government organizations is likewise implemented.
4. Numbers of participants and sessions of the Provisional World Parliament. Sessions of the Provisional World Parliament have never been giant affairs. At the inaugural first session, there were over one hundred members. However, at subsequent sessions, there have generally been about fifty members, more or less, with up to one hundred fifty or so observers at some sessions for some days. The Bangkok session of the Provisional World Parliament had over about fifty working members. We are concerned more with the quality of the bills and deliberations than with the shear number of participants. More may participate later, after we have established a solid comprehensive foundation of good legislative code.
5. The seventh Session of the Provisional World Parliament took place December 26-30, 2003, at the Palmgrove Hotel, Chennai, India. All those who have personally ratified the Constitution for the Federation of Earth and have agreed to work for its ratification by the peoples and nations of Earth are welcome as delegates. Interested persons may contact the Institute On World Problems (www.worldproblems.net).
6. The Eighth Session of the Provisional World Parliament took place in August, 2004 in Lucknow, India, hosted by Sri Gagdish Gandhi and the City Montessori School of Lucknow.
7. The Ninth Session of the Provisional World Parliament is scheduled for Tripoli, Libya, April 11, 12, 13, and 14, 2006.
8. Steering Committee Provisional World Parliaments. This description will not discuss the important Thai members of the Steering Committee, because these will be more familiar to the Thai members of the Committee than to us. They are prominent advocates for world peace and world federation in East Asia. Members of the Steering Committee from the Graduate School of World Problems and the Institute On World Problems are:
A. Dr. Terence P. Amerasinghe. Bar-at-Law, PhD, DEd. Dr. Amerasinghe studied Law at London University and is a member of Grey's Inn. He is the President of Sri Lanka English Speaking Union, Vice President of World Union, President of the Sri Lanka branch of the Universal Love and Brotherhood Association (Oomoto Aizen-Kai), Co-President of the World Constitution & Parliament Association for most years since its founding. Dr. Amerasinghe served for many years as an advocate in the High Court of Sri Lanka, and was professor to many persons who have been in Sri Lankan government. He has served at times as either the Speaker or the Secretary of the Provisional World Parliament, and was one of the five original primary authors of the Constitution for the Federation of Earth.
B. Eugenia Almand. Ms. Almand has a Master's Degree in Computer Education from California State University, Northridge. She has a Bilingual Crosscultural Clear Credential (for teaching English as a second language, preschool through adult) and is fluently literate and conversant in English, Spanish and French. Her membership in the Provisional World Parliament goes back to 1984. Though she had not directly worked with the World Peace Envoy (Chair of the Disarmament Commission), she was appointed Deputy Chair of the Disarmament Commission at the New Delhi session of the Provisional World Parliament, and over the years has elaborated bills to address her responsibilities therein. Since 1998, she have been building curriculum for the Graduate School of World Problems and for the Institute On World Problems. This curriculum includes emphasized study on parliamentary procedure and professional legislative drafting. She served as Expeditor and as Assistant Parliament Secretary at the fifth session of the Provisional World Parliament at Malta in 2000.
C. Sir Dr. Reinhart Ruge. Dr. Reinhart Ruge is a retired civil engineer from Mexico and a Knight of Malta. He has also been Co-President of the World Constitution & Parliament Association for most years since its founding. He has been the speaker or dignitary at all of the previous Provisional World Parliaments. Dr. Ruge speaks Spanish, German and English, and some other languages.
D. Dr. Glen Martin. Dr. Martin is a full professor of Philosophy and Religious Studies at Radford University in Virginia, USA. He is President of International Philosophers for Peace (IPPNO). He has been Vice-President of the World Constitution and Parliament Association and an active and vocal Member of the Provisional World Parliament since at least 1996.
E. John Ewbank and Marjorie Ewbank. John Ewbank has been organizing “Observers” for the Sixth Provisional World Parliament. John and Marjorie Ewbank have been Participants in the World Constituent Assemblies, to draft the Constitution for the Federation of Earth. They have also been regular Members of the Provisional World Parliament since its inception in 1982. John Ewbank is a patent attorney in Pennsylvania, USA. His wife Marjorie is President of American Movement for World Government.
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The Relationship of the Earth Constitution to the United Nations
Eugenia Almand
The Earth Constitution was adopted in the real world in 1977, from which time it has not been promoted as an ideal, but rather as the founded structure of our human government, albeit to begin consciously only among a few of Earth’s world citizens. This document is the expression of nimbleness, ready for eventualities.
Although Earth Constitution builds upon the agencies of the United Nations, Earth Constitution does not snag on the expression of the United Nations Charter, since the United Nations Charter is not the expression of the People, and has no provisions whatsoever for the expression of the People.
The United Nations itself undergoes transfer to the paradigm of the Earth Constitution. This is inexorable, because from the beginning the Earth Constitution has been embracing the viable United Nations agencies. However, the Earth Constitution and the People of Earth never voted for the UN Charter or the Security Council veto, nor made any provision to recognize or retain these latter features.
(The veto was never our election. We the People said so back in 1945. We expressed this officially and through coordinated declarations our reservation regarding the UN Charter as early as 1947, with fuller organized expressions in 1948. We continue to say so, even today.)
Since we did adopt the Earth Constitution to reconstitute and integrate the United Nations system, yet never elected approval nor gave authority as the People of Earth to the United Nations Charter, we the People are not stakeholders regarding the veto. We are not bound by the veto—only the Security Council is bound by the veto. Therefore, the veto is the Security Council’s problem; the veto is not the problem of the People of Earth.
There is nowhere in the United Nations Charter where it says that the People must overcome the veto in order to transform the United Nations. It only says that the United Nations Charter requires the affirmative assent of the Permanent Members for there to be "amendment to the UN Charter." So who cares? The United Nations Charter is not asking for our vote.
The United Nations Charter is not the reflection of what we regard as mature human society. Therefore, global democratic process emerges in spite of any provision of the UN Charter, and definitely not because the UN Charter granted permission, nor because the UN Charter catalyzed for democratic change, because it did neither.
The Earth Constitution is the epitome of pragmatic, realistic response. It is not the result of idealism. Earth Constitution is not an ideal, and does not extol ideals, but rather is a description of the People’s governing system. However, on the other hand, United Nations Charter reform might be considered an ideal, a hoped-for dream, a possible first step on a never-ending journey. But this is not to say that we should abandon practical, realistic work in favor of idealism.
The Earth Constitution has provisions NOW for popular electoral process—not "maybe, if we can someday get the permission of our supposed overlords." The People operating in conformance with the Earth Constitution steadily plan for the managed and regulated rapid growth of the viable United Nations agencies. We have plans and strategies for exponential growth and exponential funding of viable agencies at levels two orders of magnitude beyond that which the Security Council could provide.
This planning is not an ideal, but rather our response to the awareness of growing instabilities and dangers throughout the global ecosystem and global society. This planning is not being done in isolation from the viable agencies of the United Nations, but rather is a constructive legislative building process that is not reinventing the wheel. The Earth Constitution defines how we are winning with the United Nations.
However, the Charter Reform appeal does not describe how people are winning. Instead, United Nations Charter reform asks for just a little more time, and then maybe someone will allow democracy. Reform asks for just a bit more unearned trust. Charter reform pleads for a renewed volunteer effort for which no promise is yet kept.
We are supportive of dual-track approach to world problems and to self-government for Earth and Earth’s people. So we need people who are willing to work within the United Nations agencies as well as people that work outside of United Nations agencies for change and improvements to the human condition. We are not against democratization of the United Nations. We ask that democracy be a primary means, and not exclusively a projected end result of our work that would appear only to some future generation.
Democratic process is now with the Earth Constitution and the provisional Earth Federation, by whatever name. This democratic process never needed to wait for the veto power to abdicate itself. In conformance with the Earth Constitution and the laws of humanity, the Security Council has the power to serve in an advisory capacity. In conformance with universal law, as well as specific provisions of world statutory code, the individuals representing in the Security Council are already accountable to the world law now.
They must neither universally assent to any use or threat of weapons of mass destruction, nor may they exercise veto in order to use or threaten to use weapons of mass destruction. They may not know the world laws, but these legal documents are in effect and are highly specific, and not just in the hands of a few world citizens, but in the eyes of the Global Public. The International Court acceded and adjudicated this officially in 1996.
The majority of nations created the Criminal Court from 1998 to 2002, and the People of Earth, in 2003, as represented by the provisional World Parliament, have officially confirmed the operating and the authority of the Criminal Court to function, within the conditions and guidelines specified by World Law. There are no representatives with impunity to the law at the global level.
So the Security Council can legally offer its recommendation to the People of Earth. It cannot legally threaten war against the Earth, nor can any of its members legally purport to represent nuclear power against the Earth.
So the ascribed importance of the Security Council withers and diminishes. The Security Council has nothing to do with democratic process, but with some other matters. If Security Council representatives purport to represent nuclear power, they individually might find themselves in the Court docket, whether their national government approves or not, whether their national government threatens to bomb or not.
Security Council public statements are all public, and can be used in Court. There is no statute of limitations against prosecution for the violation of world laws. There is no immunity from world law. Therefore, Security Council officials’ role naturally diminishes and we can focus on truly democratic processes that are independent of any veto or unanimous affirmation, and that have nothing to do with the Security Council or fixation upon the moot U.N. Charter.
Integration of the viable United Nations agencies is a tremendous and challenging responsibility. We look forward to the democratic participation of large numbers of world citizens from around the world to assist and engage in this integration process. This integration can move forward in a decentralized manner, because the nature of the change is decentralizing. The Earth Constitution and the world legislative process liberated by the Earth Constitution is the democratization of the United Nations – from both within and without.
Let us all rise and build with this democratization!
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The Authority and Legitimacy of the Earth Constitution
Response to Basic Questions
Eugenia Almand
1. Question: Who authorized the people of the World to create the Earth Constitution?
Response: The people's authority needs no prior authorization, as it is recognized as an inalienable human right: "The will of the people is the basis of the authority of government; Universal and equal suffrage shall express this will in periodic and genuine elections held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures." Article 21.3 UDHR. UDHR did not Agive@ this right to the people. UDHR simply recognized that it was there, and then reaffirmed it. Earth Constitution posits the praxis as a global demand and definition of our government at the global-level. The specific forms of our Earth Federation can be adjusted through constituent process that recognizes the principle of UDHR.21.3.
However, many of us also like to believe that if there were God, and benign God, that God would grant blessing to the authority of the people to draft and adopt the Earth Constitution and to move forward for building the Earth Federation and obtaining ratification of the Earth Constitution. So we count this responsibility as a sacred trust, whether we are theists, atheist or agnostic (and whether or not the particular words A sacred trust@ are used).
2. Question: Who will bear the expenses of the global elections?
Response: The Earth Federation itself can and must pay for the Global Elections. This can be done on the principle of recognition of Article 21.3 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, acceded to by national governments virtually everywhere, as noted above. The Earth Constitution is the only functioning adopted document to guarantee UDHR21.3. Earth Constitution guarantees this inalienable right, therefore the document is 100% legitimate even before the actual vote has been counted.
One may ask how can the Earth Federation pay for these global elections? The Earth Constitution grants the power for establishing universal accounting standards EC#4.9., and for raising revenues and funds EC#4.16., for establishing financial, banking, credit institutions and for issuing and regulating a global currency and credit EC#4.17., among other fiscal powers of the Earth Federation. The World Accounting Standards were established by provisional World Parliament in December 2003. For details go to
www.wcpa.biz/english/legislation/world_legislative_statutes_contents.htm and to www.iasb.org . These are very highly defined and reputable. Further standards have been developed specifically for the world legislatures by the Assembly of States Parties. The provisional World Parliament will probably be deliberating these further standards at the next session of provisional World Parliament.The Assembly of States Parties has drawn up the Agreement of the Privileges and Immunities of the World Court, which includes fiscal provisions that draw independence beyond the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. These provisions will also be deliberated at the next session of provisional World Parliament. If approved by the provisional World Parliament, parliamentary allocations of real value can begin with this upcoming session of the provisional World Parliament.
There is other significant fiscal world legislation, especially world legislative acts #7- Earth Federation Funding Corporation, 11 B Earth Financial Credit Corporation, 18-Provisional Office of World Revenue and 22. The Equity Act. These all integrate for a comprehensive functioning global fiscal system.
Under the Earth Constitution and world legislation, those who begin the process of the Earth Federation are not mere volunteers possibly throwing their money away, but rather are investing their resources C both time in effort, and other forms of money are counted, including cash contributions. Under the provisions of the Earth Constitution (EC#17.F) and Earth Federation Funding Corporation, those who have been participating are guaranteed a double return on their investment, to be paid back through installments after the first operative stage of Earth Federation commences. The payback is in the valuable currency of the new system, so there is no loss in equivalent double value and no difficulty regarding balances of hard and soft currencies.
Thus, municipalities or provinces that correspond with the World Districts can open ballot slots in their very next general elections. The act would be a publicly recorded act, the cost of which could be publicly ascertained. Therefore, upon the preliminary adoption of the Earth Constitution by the equivalent of 25 countries, the World Financial Administration would begin the installment of payments for double that cost to the respective municipality or province.
There are numerous variations of this by which the financing can be properly accounted and repaid.
The income of federal systems far exceeds the incomes of the constituent jurisdictions, so there is a flow of value from the Earth Federation to the nations and peoples of the world, which is quite opposite from the conventional United Nations Charter process of national-level tributes. This happens because the Earth Federation system is much more efficient than the old fiscal systems. There is strength in union.
3. Question: How is non-military Earth Federation possible while it took hitting Japan with two Atom Bombs during World War II to demilitarize that country? No such magic stick has been suggested in the Constitution of the Earth Federation which will demilitarized the various sovereign Countries of the World, especially the U.S.A, France, China, Russia, Korea, etc.
Response: The Earth Federation is obliged to operate by constitutional and civil due process, which means that it does not use weapons of mass destruction to try to rid the world of weapons of mass destruction, but instead uses court process and civil police. The provisional Earth Federation has legally prohibited nuclear weapons since 1982, leading to the 1996 ICJ official decision that nuclear weapons are illegal. We support that decision of the World Court. Since 1996, world citizens have worked together to build statutory civil enforcement process for violators of the world law.
In fact, there are world legal guidelines for this through a large number of world legislative statutes, such as the Rules for Procedures and Evidence. These rules have been officially recognized by the majority of the nations of Earth by their respective constituent processes, as well as by the People of Earth, as represented by the provisional World Parliament. Since 2003, there have been legislative sentencing parameters for violations of the world law. The criminals, wherever they are hiding, will have to appear in Court. If the violators of the laws against weapons of mass destruction do not willingly come to Court, then warranted police procedures are affected to bring them to Court. There is no impunity and no official position immune from World Law. This principle is very clear in the Agreements and in the Statutes.
For more details on the World Court System, go to
www.wcpa.biz/english/legislation/world_legislative_statutes_contents.htm www.icc-cpi.int, www.pca-cpa.org, www.icj-cij.org, www.iccnow.org www.worldservice.org/wsaljudc.html4. Question: The various States of the World are known on the basis of nationality, race, and religions and the Earth is known on the basis of human beings. Yet the Constitution of the Earth Federation illogically provides a AHouse of Nations@ with a AHouse of Peoples." Is it again creating a system of superiority and inferiority of some Nations like the present super/veto power holders of the U.N. Security Council? What will be the changed under the Earth Constitution?"
Response: The Earth Constitution recognizes the strength in the precedent of multi-cameral legislative government that has been historically set by large constituencies around the world, such as India, USA, Canada, Japan, etc., just to name a few. In World Parliament, there is no veto retained and there is no executive dissolution of World Parliament. The end of the veto and persistency of Parliament are characteristic features of the Earth Constitution.
Furthermore, the People as represented by the provisional World Parliament have never recognized the Security Council as a legal person, so any decision of the Security Council to unanimously consent to violation of world law or to veto for the violation of world law incriminates the individual legal record of the individual representatives that act against the world law from within the Security Council. We did not give them immunity from prosecution. (That was their own dream and it was never legally documented in any world court approved by the People.) The world laws are very clear on this matter, and any provision in the United Nations Charter that specifies that individuals might commit illegal acts would be in itself an illegal provision, inadmissible as justification in World Court.
5. Question: The Constitution of the Earth Federation seems undemocratic as it ignores laborers, cultivators, technical people, entertainment producers, thinkers and curative type of citizens. It appears illogically to have recognized / included only lecturers, teachers and students of universities/ colleges.
Response: For any persons who are living as laborers, cultivators, technical people, entertainment producers, thinkers or curative type of citizens, all of them have a voice as they wish, within the direct democratic processes as well as representative democratic processes of the Earth Federation. None of them are excluded, and in fact some may have more skill of one form or another and so may gravitate toward certain roles or duties without being forced. If someone wishes to garden that person will probably garden. If someone wishes to do technical work, then probably they will select technical work. However, under the world law and Earth Constitution everyone is guaranteed equal protection and application of the law.
The Constitution provides for students and teachers to nominate candidates for the House of Counselors from institutions of higher education worldwide. That is because the purpose of the House of Counselors is to have a body of people highly educated in world problems (from all walks of life) who can represent the common good the the whole. Students and professors world wide are more likely to know who such people are and can nominate people from any walk of life.
6. Question: No practical Movement on ground in favor of Earth Federation has been seen in any community of the World during the last two decades. How its implementation will be possible? The existence of Constitution on various Webs is tantamount just riding horses in the air.
Response: You will see Earth Federation itself in action, if you wish to. Earth Federation is not separate from the people of Earth. It embodies itself in many ways. For instance, one bench of our World Court System already has an annual budget of over 50 million Euro, supported officially by the majority of the world= s nations. This is factual and practical. See
www.icc-cpi.int. This has been officially approved by the provisional World Parliament on a conditional basis (Some conditions being that the People gave power of Order to the Court, and struck down the provisions for withdrawal, denial of jurisdiction and Security Council override, which were not legal parliamentary provisions.) However, for those who do not wish to see it, they will need to pretend that the Earth Federation is not growing. That= s tolerable C it= s their loss, however.Again, for more details on the World Court System, go to
www.wcpa.biz/english/legislation/world_legislative_statutes_contents.htm www.icc-cpi.int, www.pca-cpa.org, www.icj-cij.org , www.iccnow.org www.worldservice.org/wsaljudc.html7. Question: No “ Road Map” has been provided to implement the Constitution of Earth Federation.
Response: There are many road maps of the Earth Federation.
A primary set of road maps is the Earth Constitution Articles 17, 18 and 19. Article 17 defines the ratification and implementation process. Article 18 defines the amendment process. Article 19 defines the provisional stage of Earth Federation, that is, the time between the initial declaration of the Earth Federation on a standing basis (declared 1987) and the preliminary adoption by about 25 national governments or its equivalent. (Many of us expect this soon.)For the full text of Earth Constitution in 10 major world languages, go to bottom of page at
www.worldproblems.net/english/fec/about_earth_constitution.htmThere are other maps, as well. For instance, there is the Elections Act, world legislative act #29, that shows how direct democracy and representative democracy work together seamlessly within the context of the Earth Constitution. This act gives guidelines for the electoral process, yet also devolves decision making from the Parliament (In other words, many kinds of Earth Federation government decisions take place outside of World Parliament and between general elections C not just once every five years. The people have a continuous responsibility.)
There are also legislatively adopted districting maps, based upon initial districting plans by Ian Hackett & Dr. Hanna Newcombe. These districting maps are subject to amendment based largely but not entirely on the constituencies of the respective districts.
There are also many other agencies that exist and are propelling Earth Federation forward, whether officially conscious of the process or not. All of the viable agencies of the United Nations system can be said to be working for Earth Federation, in the sense that each has a real and valuable function, and this function will continue, grow and more greatly strengthen within the context of the Earth Federation.
There World Health Organization need not change its name or activity, for instance. WHO has a vital and expanding role within Earth Federation. No part of Earth Federation competes against the WHO. On the contrary, the Earth Federation embraces the World Health Organization, and schedules to cover the WHO budgeting shortfall that the nations in isolated capacity cannot pay.
A map is not the territory it represents. However, the Earth Constitution, as well as the world legislative statutes, provides very substantial guidelines for moving forward with self-government at a global level. The map is an aid. We still need to keep our eyes on the road as we drive. However, if between drives we study the map, then it is much more likely that we will be better drivers for it.
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Constitución para la Federación de la Tierra
El PARLAMENTO MUNDIAL, integrado por tres cámaras, para adoptar la legislación mundial.
Cámara de la gente elegida directamente por la gente de los 1000 distritos electorales y administrativos mundiales, (aproximadamente iguales en población), para servir términos de cinco años.
Cámara de naciones designada o elegida por gobiernos nacionales.
Cámara de los consejeros de 200 elegidos por las otras dos casas, elegidas para la perspectiva global,
Tiene funciones nominativas, consultivas, iniciativas y para la remisión.
EJECUTIVO MUNDIAL elegido cerca y responsable al parlamento. Presidio de un presidente que rota y de 4 vicepresidentes, todos los miembros del Parlamento Mundial, nominados por la Cámara de Consejeros. Gabinete Ejecutivo de 30 ministros, todos Miembros del Parlamento. El Ejecutivo Mundial no puede poner veto ni suspender ni el Parlamento ni la Constitución Terrestre.
ADMINISTRACIÓN MUNDIAL de cerca de 30 ministerios, cada uno dirigido por un ministro de gabinete o vicepresidente; La administración total es coordinada por un secretario general, quien es elegido por el Presidio y confirmado por el gabinete.
El COMPLEJO INTEGRANTE incluye las agencias para la función pública mundial, los límites y las elecciones, personal del servicio civil mundial, instituto en procedimientos y los problemas gubernamentales mundiales, investigación y planeamiento, gravamen tecnológico y ambiental, administración financiera mundial, y revisión legislativa.
JUDICATURA MUNDIAL integrada por 8 tribunales que tienen jurisdicción obligatoria para diversas clases de asuntos, con 5 asientos continentales. El Parlamento Mundial elige el Colegio de Jueces Mundiales, El Colegio de Jueces elige un Consejo de presidencia de 5 miembros que asigne a jueces a los varios tribunales.
El SISTEMA de la APLICACIÓN no militar, es dirigido por una oficina del General de los Abogados Mundiales y la comisión de 20 Abogados Regionales Mundiales, elegida cerca y desprendible por el Parlamento. Los Abogados Mundiales designan a los Policías Mundiales (desprendibles por el Parlamento) a prender violadores individuales.
El DESARME de las naciones se logra mientras que la Constitución Terrestre se ratifica. La Federación Terrestre no conserva ni utiliza las armas de la destrucción total, ni mantiene cualquier fuerza militar.
El DEFENSOR PUBLICO para proteger derechos humanos y asegurar que el gobierno funciona apropiadamente, es dirigido por un Consejo de 5 Defensores Públicos Mundiales nominado por la Cámara de Consejeros, y de la Comisión de 20 Abogados Regionales Mundiales, elegidos por el Parlamento completo.
Hay DECLARACIÓN de DERECHOS de 18 secciones, garantizadas con la ratificación de la Constitución Terrestre.
PRINCIPIOS DIRECCIONALES, de 19 secciones, para proteger a derechos civiles y económicos para ser puesto en ejecución cuanto antes para todos los ciudadanos mundiales.
JURISDICCIÓN del GOBIERNO MUNDIAL dado con poderes definidos en 40 secciones.
Las naciones y gobiernos locales conservan asuntos internos excedentes de la jurisdicción mundial.
Para las ELECCIONES y la ADMINISTRACIÓN la Tierra se compone en 1000 Distritos, 20 Regiones, 10 Magna-Regiones, y por lo menos 5 Divisiones Continentales. El proceso incluye características de la democracia directa—referéndum, iniciativa, plebiscito, etc., y también de democracia representativa.
CINCO CAPITALES MUNDIALES se establecen en 5 divisiones continentales. Habrá el capital primario, y
los demás son capitales secundarios.
Por etapas se pondrá en práctica la CONSTITUCIÓN TERRESTRE:
Gobierno Provisional Mundial antes de que 25 países hayan ratificado, incluyendo sesiones de un parlamento Provisional Mundial. Primera etapa operativa cuando equivalente a 25 países o equivalente a 100 distritos mundiales han ratificado la Constitución terrestre.
Segunda etapa operativa cuando 50% de países, y 50% del población han ratificado.
Etapa operativa completa cuando 80% de países, abarcando 90% de la población de la Tierra, han ratificado.
Las AGENCIAS VIABLES de las Naciones Unidas, transfieren, reconstituyen e integran en la Federación Terrestre.
La CONVENCIÓN CONSTITUCIONAL PERIÓDICA se requiere ningún menos a menudo que cada veinte años.