// A simple example of strings in C
// Illustrates: 
//      declaration of strings
//      strings are array of characters
//      strings are zero-terminated
//      formatted output and format specifiers %s, %c, %d
//
// Compile: gcc simplestrings.c
// Run: a.out
// Optional Compile: gcc -o simplestrings simplestrings.c
// Optional Run: simplestrings

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{

    // Declare a string.  Notice the location of the []
    char aStr[] = "ABC"; 

    // Print the format string, substituting value of aStr for %s
    // \n is an escape sequence that prints a newline character

    printf("String variable: '%s'\n", aStr);

    // Print the characters of array aStr as individual characters
    printf("First character: '%c'\n", aStr[0]);
    printf("Second character: '%c'\n", aStr[1]);
    printf("Third character: '%c'\n", aStr[2]);

    // Now print the characters of the array aStr using a loop
    // Also print value of index i (%d prints a decimal)
    int i;
    for (i=0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        printf("Character %d: '%c'\n", i, aStr[i]);
    }
    
    printf("\n");  // Print a blank line

    // Strings are zero-terminated
    i = 0;
    while (aStr[i] != 0)     // Notice the ending condition
    {
        printf("Character %d: '%c'\n", i, aStr[i]);
        i++;
    }

}

/* Output:
String variable: 'ABC'
First character: 'A'
Second character: 'B'
Third character: 'C'
Character 0: 'A'
Character 1: 'B'
Character 2: 'C'

Character 0: 'A'
Character 1: 'B'
Character 2: 'C'
*/