• Current Week: 16

Weekly Notes	Topics	Reading	Assignments
Week 1	Wednesday: Syllabus, Notes on Syllabus, and Survey More course information at bottom of page FYI: Check my grades Friday: Please bring our laptop to class today (Friday) Before class, please download (and if possible install) gnat from AdaCore We will work in class on Homework 1 - Please review these notes: A simple program, IDEs, and installation Steps for compiling and submitting a program. More on installing a compiler and an IDE (including on Mac) Even more on compile and run, IDEs, and installation Since we have a new rucs, its address has changed, and if you've used ssh to access it before, then you might need to take some extra steps. Mac users: if you get a compiler error "library not found -lSystem" you might need to install Xcode from the app store	2.1, 2.2 (A mostly simple program); 5.1-5.5 (Lexical elements); 4.2 (Text_io);	Homework 1 Check due dates - don't do ones from last year!
Week 2	Homework 1 due tonight (file hello.adb, in lower case). Homework 2 due Wednesday night. Program 1. Language Topics: Expressions and operators, keyword/default parameters, range constraints and subtypes: Declarations, Integer, Natural, Positive, Attributes, Integer I/O, Operators and Expressions Keyword and Default Parameters Type Float, Strong Typing, Type Conversion Range Constraints, Subtypes, What is a Type End of file and Integer Input Example: Integer input : demo_input.adb and prettified intro_all.adb: basic language features prettified and notes Someday : more on Unix, submit (you already know) Unix commands Other notes on Unix Another unix tutorial Using the submit command Introductory notes from previous semesters - Whirlwind tour of Ada: Part 1, Part 2a, Part 2b, Part 3a, Part 3b, Part 3c	6.1, 6.5, 6.7, 6.9 (Types) 7.1 - 7.3 (Control structures)	Homework 1 ! Homework 2 P1 for FALL 2019 is is here. Start NOW!
Week 3	intro_all.adb: basic language features prettified and notes Q: Does Ada have an as (eg import whatever as what) A: Package atio renames Ada.Text_IO; Can be locally scoped (ie defined within a subroutine) Exceptions More on User-Defined Types and Subtypes: Introduction Enumeration Types Example: colors.adb and prettified Subtypes New Numeric Types More on Types Output format (width, set_col), typewriters, standard.ascii.ht,cr,nl, Declare Blocks, subtype definitions Package Standard : automatically available for every program. Friday: Start Procedures and Functions Ada by Example	Procs: Ch. 9 + Exceps: 2.6, Ch. 14	P1 for Spring 2020 is is here. Start LAST WEEK! Due Thursday night.
Week 4	Mon: Program 2. Continue Procedures and Functions Tuesday office hour moved to noon (or 12:30) Wed: Start on Arrays. Fri: More Arrays: Types, params, operations, semantics, dynamic declaration (ie inside declare block), unconstrained, strings, string input The bear on VT campus An interesting article on programming	Procs: chapter 9 Arrays: 8.1-6, 2.4;	P2 for Fall 2019
Week 5	MWF: Arrays (continued): In the office some students and I wrote and discussed this program and prettified Declare Blocks (revisited) Array Slices Type String (an array of characters), declare blocks, and get_line At this point we only look at Fixed Length Strings Enumeration Types can be indices Input and Output summary Notes from previous semesters may be useful Ada by Example: Has some examples on arrays Stepwise Refinement, functional decomposition, and structure charts 2D vs array of arrays Java Strings and references example: str.java and prettified Spring 2020 EXAM 1 coming Friday of next week (Friday of week 6) Topics list from last semester is here	Procs: chapter 9 Arrays: 8.1-6, 2.4;	P2 (Spring 2019) here.
Week 6	Questions on Fall 19 EXAM 1 on FRIDAY 2/28/20 (This week) Topics list (from last semester) here Java has no for loop: JavaFor.java and prettified Ada has a real for loop: ada_for.adb and pretty and ada_for.s and pretty	Arrays: 8.1-6, 2.4;	P2 is here.
Week 7	Records: Introduction to Records Nested Records and Nested Composite Types: Composition vs aggregation Enough Packages to do the assignment Some example packages Generic Packages	Records: 8.7, 2.4	P3 is here (For Spring 2019)
Week 8	SPRING BREAK! ENJOY!	Packages: 3.1 & Ch. 11	P3 (For Spring 2020)
Week 9	Extended Break	Packages: 3.1 & Ch. 11 Generics: 3.4 & Ch. 17	Program 3 for Spring 2020
Week 10	Information on ITEC 320 via distance Questions on the assignment? Due date? Variant Power Points OO Power Points Records in other languages Packages Packages (continued) Some example packages Generic Packages Parameterized to better support ADTs Generic stackpkg.ads (pretty) and stackpkg.adb (pretty) Generic queuepkg.ads (pretty) (no implementation given) Limited types: := and default = are not allowed in client. = can be defined (normally in spec) and used by client. Limited Private Types old notes on packages	Records: 8.7, 2.4 Packages: 3.1 & Ch. 11	Program 4 for Spring 2019
Week 11	Child Packages: Generic Child Packages Generic Procedures Generic sorts: Ada.Containers.Generic_Array_Sort (unconstrained array types only): Example (prettified). Ada.Containers.Generic_Constrained_Array_Sort (constrained array types only): Example (prettified). Parameters to Generic Packages and Procedures Finish notes from last week on generic package and procedures and their parameters Comparing packages and records with Classes Packages vs Classes (and old notes) Records vs Classes Pointers: Introduction, linked structures, stacks, queues, others Program due Saturday. Exam of next week	Pointers:  Chapter 10  Section 2.5	Exam 2 next week Program 4 for Fall 2018
Week 12	Exam 2: this week on Wednesday (11/13/19) on these topics Memory Diagrams Quote of the Day: “At some point, Boeing became a software company. Yeah, yeah, yeah, there’s an aircraft — you need that to run the software.” (Seen by Dr. Barland on a Facebook post) Pointers Introduction, linked structures, stacks, queues, others Pointers - The Essentials on Linked LIsts Notes on pointers that were not covered: Limited Private Types Abstract Data Types You might want to look at these Hints on using pointers Old notes on Pointers Independent study presentation: An Introduction to Type Theory - Wednesday 4/17/19, Whitt 214, 4:00 p.m. to 5:30 p.m.		Program 5 for Spring 2019
Week 13	Friday's Group Project: Version here has print and equal implemented Original version here We will do procedure copy in class after break.		Exam 2 THIS week Program 5 for Spring 2019
Week 14			Program 5 for Spring 2019
Week 14	Grade improvemnets Practicing with dynamic lists (ie pointers): print, equal and copy (Group project from before break) Notes on Memory Organization Errors that can occur with pointers Memory addresses: Memory addresses Infinite recursion: infrec.adb and pretty Exhaust the heap: exhheap.adb and pretty Some final thoughts (from Dr. Barland) Final Exam Topics (Fall 2019 draft) Is recursion used in the real world? Do a search on recursive descent parser (and also look here for mutual recursion) Exam week schedule (Spring 2019)		Program 5 for Spring 2019
Week 16	Comprehensive Final Exam: Final (with white space for answers) Final (with most white space removed) 8:00 a.m. - 10:00 a.m., Wednesday, May 6, 2020 The exam will be open book, open notes, open internet, closed neighbor. Of course you are not to communicate with anyone, other than me, during the exam. You can communicate with me via private chat. Topics (draft for Fall 2019) How will the exam be conducted: Around 7:50 a.m. I will start a zoom meeting (tiny.cc/nokie-meet) that you should join, with your video on and audio off. Within the next few minutes I will send out a pdf of the exam via email I will also post the pdf here You can print the exam and answer on it directly or you can answer on separate paper. Include your name in your filename(s). Put your name (or initials) and page number on all pages, along with the page number. At or before 10:00 a.m. you should finish up by scanning or photograping your answers and sending the images to me via email. Other students have had good success with the camscanner app. Your email should say how many pages of answers that you have and how many files you are sending. In general, attachments are easier to deal with than embedded images. Do not leave the meeting until I have told you that I have received your exam. My 360 exam is at 10:15, and so there may be some overlap of people from both classes during the transition. Exam week schedule (Fall 2018) Other topics: Dr. Barland's notes on writing the queue package. Is_Full: See "Partial Stack implementation in these notes Procedural and Object Oriented programming in Ada: OO vs FO: Changing data vs changing methods Very Briefly: OO implementation An alternative to way to create a type hierarchy: variant records and a comparison with Java Consequences of adding data and functionality to OO and PO solution. (Unfortunately these notes have been removed) Functionality-Oriented Programming : Notes from the course Developing Software that Matters by Franco Gasperoni (Unfortunately these notes have been removed) Object-Oriented Programming : OO Programming in Ada (ie How to add OO to a procedural language) [ when to use OO vs FO: see last slide] (from the same course) Proof Server! Interesting Links and some fun: Some information on Fred Brooks Some video tutorials are on AdaCore's youtube site Ada Lovelace Day Lady Ada's Translation and Notes on Babbage's computers (Babbage used punch cards from Jacquard looms) The Road Coloring Problem has been solved! The Cipher Event winner and his program and more detail Ada, ATC, and modifying systems Some other Topics: Side Effects [re Java i = s.pop()] Subtypes Predicates: Static and Dynamic Stepwise Refinement, functional decomposition, and structure charts Exceptions Some other topics: Generics and Generic Sort Example 1 (and prettified). Example 2 (and prettified) Types : Enumeration Types Example: colors.adb and prettified Introduction Numeric Types Subtypes Subtypes Using static and dynamic predicates predicates.adb and prettified Example showing subtypes defined with static and dynamic predicates static_pred.adb and prettified Using static and dynamic predicates predicates.adb and prettified Use Look_Ahead to skip white space Look_Ahead(c, eol); returns next character in input without advancing the input marker. Notes on look_ahead . Example: lookahead3.adb (and prettified) Example 2: The program lookaheaddemo.adb (prettified) shows look_ahead in use. Opening files and command line arguments ( cmdline.adb and cline.adb and text.adb) I/O of Enumeration Types Example: colors.adb and prettified An example (from 2015) showing how language affects program reliability: Predict the output of this program: One.java (and prettified) Same problem in Ada: one_v1.adb (and prettified) A solution using Ada's type model: one_v2.adb (and prettified) An even better Ada solution: one_v3.adb (and prettified) An Ada solution with some binary output: one_v4.adb (and prettified) More on OOP in Ada: More on OO An OO project in Ada: Project Notes Abstract Objects Procedural Programming, Reliable programming, Ada Design Goals, Language Design:: Side Effects [re Java i = s.pop()] Language features supporting design goals Language design, syntax, and reliable programming A Brief Introduction to Procedural Programming and Ada History and goals, Application Areas, Hello World, Identifiers, Compile and Run, Use Statement, Ada.text_io.put Global variables: discussed in Procedures and Functions Reliable programming Gnatprove examples Information on reliable databases is available from Ada Gems: Part one and Part two. To try this, you will need to install the sql feature from gnatcoll (one of the downloads available from libre.adacore.com) and, probably, sqlite. If you have questions, let me know; I'd be glad to help. Ada History, Design Goals, and Procedural Application Areas Language features supporting design goals Language design, syntax, and reliable programming Some notes on unbounded strings are near the end of these notes on strings Example using Unbounded String: reverse_unbounded.adb and prettified: using an array of unbounded string Java Strings and the String Pool: Str.java and prettified JEWL (Windows only) and GNOGA (any platform) can be used to build GUIs. Overloading operators Literals Example program with end of file and get strings (and the prettified version) Unbounded Strings: Some notes on unbounded strings are near the end of these notes on strings (and a word about bounded strings too, from the same notes) procedure get(From: in String; Item: out Integer; Last: out Positive) is in Ada.Text_IO		Comprehensive Final Exam

• ITEC 320 Language References:
• Ada by Example
• FAQ


• Example programs:
• Some example programs
• Rosetta Code and its Ada page


• Language Comparisons:
• Syntax across languages and its Ada page
• Hello World Page
• Another Hello World Page
• 99 Bottles: Standard Version and a Multitasking Version from 99 Bottles


• C++ for Ada Programmers (pdf)


• Print Books:
• Programming in Ada 2012, John Barnes, Cambridge University Press, 2014.
• Programming in Ada 2005, also
• Ada for Software Engineers, Second Edition, Mordechi Ben-Ari, Springer, 2009.
• Building High Integrity Applications with SPARK, John McCormick and Peter Chapin


• Tutorials and Ebooks:
• An excellent online tutorial from Adacore.


• Assessing the Ada Language for Audio Applications: An in-depth description of Ada in the context of DSP applications, including comparison with C and C++. It also discusses porting a C-language implementation of an MPEG decoder


• Ada for the C++ or Java Developer [2012] by Quentin Ochem



• Ada Wikibook [2012]
• Some video tutorials are on AdaCore's youtube site


• A nice overview of Ada
• Ada: A Crash Course [Incomplete] [2012] by Peter Chapin
• Ada: A Crash Course [2005] by Peter Bromin
• Ada Distilled (pdf) [2005]


• Quick Ada [1995]
• Ada95: The Craft of Object Oriented Programming [1995]
• Lovelace Ada Tutorial [1995]


• AdaTutor [1995]
• Ada in Action (by Do-While Jones) [1983]


• Tools and Libraries:
• Ada Information Clearinghouse
• Tools and Libraries
• A list of Ada tools: http://deim.urv.cat/~sgomez/ada/


• Ada Reference Manuals and Ada Rationale:
• Ada 202x Reference Manual (Draft).
• Ada 2020 Proposals
• Ada 2012 Reference Manual.
• Ada 2012 Rationale.
• Ada 2005 Reference Manual.
• Ada 2005 Rationale.
• Ada 1995 Reference Manual.
• Ada 1995 Rationale.
• Ada 1983 Reference Manual.
• Ada 1983 Rationale.


• More Documentation and Code:
• Ada standard library documentation (an Ada 95 API)
• Package Standard [from Appendix A of Reference Manual] - automatically available for every program.


• AdaCore Documentation
• GCC Online Documentation (including gnat)
• Gnat Reference Manual
• Gnat Users Guide
• GNU Gnat Coding Style


• Ada standard library packages source code
  • All file names are krunched to 8 characters. For example, a-textio, a-strunb, and a-tiunio, are for Ada.Text_IO, Ada.Strings.Unbounded, and Ada.Text_IO.Unbounded_IO. To learn the krunched name of a package, use gnatkr (eggnatkr ada.integer_text_io.ads returns a-inteio.ads/li>


• Other Ada Links
• AdaCore
• An excellent online tutorial from Adacore.
• AdaCore Blog
• AdaCore Documentation
• AdaCore GitHub


• Awesome Ada - Best source for resources


• ACM SIGAda Home Page
• Who's using Ada
• comp.lang.ada
• Stack Overflow Ada Page
• Reddit Ada Page
• Facebook
• Google+
• Gitter
• Ada Planet


• Compiler Explorer: Shows assembly language output


• SPARK 2014
• A Readable Introduction to Both MISRA C and SPARK Ada
• Book: SPARK Ada for the MISRA C Developer (Interactive) and pdf
• Proof Server!
• SPARK Reference Sheet
• Find and add the link to a second SPARK quick reference
• SPARK User's Guide
• SPARK Reference Manual
• SPARK Mailing List Archive [Dead link]
• SPARK Blog - now integrated with the AdaCore Blog


• Installing a Compiler:
• AdaCore's Free Compilers
• Another source for compiler information
• Wikibooks page on compiler installation
• Installing an Ada Compiler


• Compiling and Running Ada:
• Compiling and running Ada
• How to find the source of an exception when using gnat with a unix command line. (Or use an integrated environment.)
• Some tips on editing Ada programs with vim
• Compile and run small programs online


• Course Information:
• Check my grades
• Assignment checker (this is the new link - the old one will disappear)
• Style guidelines
• Syllabus
• Some unix commands
• Instructions for the submit command




• Solution to Friday's exercise: decode0.adb (and prettified)
• Solution 1 to Monday's exercise: decoding2a.adb (and prettified)
• Solution 1 to Monday's exercise: decoding2b.adb (and prettified)


• Dataflow part 1: Dataflow
• Dataflow part 2: Dataflow2