Radford University Graduate Catalog for 1999-2000 EDUCATIONAL STUDIES Diane H. Jackman, Chairperson Graduate Faculty Terry Arbogast, Martin Aylesworth, Susan Bisset, Jeradi Cohen, Eduard Brandt, Barbara Boyd, Edith Carter, Anita Corey, Bruce Criswell, Carolyn Dickman, Elizabeth Dore, Gary D. Ellerman, Ann S. Ferren, Dana Gregory, Patricia Harris, Harvey R. Jahn, Ronald W. Kolenbrander, Vicki Linkous, Robert Lockwood, Sandra Moore, Janette Newhouse, Ruth Ann Niles, Sheila Reyna, Patricia Shoemaker, Robert Small, Barbara Smith, Gilbert Valadez, Linda Wilson Leisure Studies Graduate Faculty Gary Nussbaum, Gerald O'Morrow, Lee Stewart, Morris Stewart GRADUATE PROGRAM The Educational Studies Department offers programs leading to the Master of Science Degree. M.S. in Education (see below) M.S. in Educational Leadership (see below) M.S. in Reading (see below) These advanced studies programs are designed to prepare graduate students for administrative, supervisory, and related instructional and non-instructional positions in Virginia's educational system. Each major or program of studies requires a series of courses unique to that discipline. Careful selection of electives and supporting courses permits the graduate student to develop an individualized program of studies with emphasis on one or more of the following areas: improved instruction in the public schools; preparation for various professional areas within education; initial licensure; additional endorsement for teachers already licensed; preparation for doctoral studies. Potential graduate students who wish to be licensed in any field in education are encouraged to call Dr. Diane Jackman at (540) 831-5302 to discuss their career goals and the graduate programs in the department. (For more information, follow the link above to the department's Home Page.) ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS Minimum grade point average of 2.75 overall and in the major. Minimum test score of 1000 on Graduate Record Examination (verbal and quantitative), or a minimum score of 50 on the Miller Analogies Test. Three letters of reference. PRACTICA AND INTERNSHIPS Practica and internships giving practice on the job are required in most programs in the department. All practica are taken in the latter half of the graduate program and have specific prerequisites. Students must submit an application at least one month in advance of the practicum or internship. Forms are available from the departmental office. The practicum must be taken during a semester in which the student and the supervising professor have sufficient time to devote to the practicum. Students should consider travel time, expenses and the availability of qualified and willing public school supervisors when determining the location of their practicum. If possible, students should enroll in the practicum during the regular academic year. Some practica require the presence of children and can only be taken when school is in session. COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATIONS A comprehensive examination is required of all students during their last semester. The examination should be scheduled through the student's adviser. See Final Comprehensive Examination. MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN EDUCATION PROGRAMS OF STUDY There are three concentrations and five options within the M.S. degree in Education: Curriculum and Instruction Business Education Science Education Teaching English as a Second Language Educational Media/Technology Library Media Educational Technology Environmental and Experiential Education The concentration in Educational Media/Technology provides opportunities for licensed teachers to enhance their knowledge and skills in their content area or to add additional endorsements. The Curriculum and Instruction concentration allows students to pursue advanced study in areas of special interest such as cognitive instruction, education of the gifted, or an academic subject area. Graduate students who are seeking initial licensure to teach should select the Curriculum and Instruction concentration. EDUCATIONAL MEDIA/TECHNOLOGY CONCENTRATION The Educational Media/Technology program requires 33 semester hours of graduate work consisting of 12 required hours in a basic core and 21 hours in the major area of emphasis. Students may elect a concentration in either educational technology or library media. They must declare their intent prior to taking 12 hours so there will be no disruption in their program of studies. Program Requirements - 33 hrs. Required Courses - 18-21 hrs. EDEF 606. Educational Research. - 3 EDEF 607. Foundations of Education. - 3 EDET 619. Media and Instructional Development. - 3 EDET 629. Administration of Educational Media. - 3 EDUC 681. International Education. - 3 EDET 689. Practicum in Educational Media (if already licensed). - (3) or EDUC 640. Internship in Teaching. - 3-6 (if seeking initial licensure) Electives - 12-15 hrs. LIBRARY MEDIA OPTION OF EDUCATIONAL MEDIA/TECHNOLOGY The library media option allows those who have an undergraduate degree in another subject area to secure licensure as a library media specialist while completing a master of science degree in Education. Those seeking library media endorsement must take EDUC 404 and ENGL 525 in addition to the prerequisites to the basic core. Program Requirements - 33 hrs. Required Courses - 21 hrs. EDEF 606. Educational Research. - 3 EDEF 607. Foundations of Education. - 3 EDLS 610. Developing Library Collections. - 3 EDLS 612. Reference Materials and Services. - 3 EDLS 614. Organization of Library Media Center Materials. - 3 EDLS 618. Computer Applications for the Library. - 3 EDUC 681. International Education - 3 Electives - 12 hrs. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY OPTION OF EDUCATIONAL MEDIA/TECHNOLOGY The educational technology production option offers a wide variety of courses designed to extend basic technology skills. This option is recommended for those planning a career as a technology coordinator or as a media specialist in the public schools. Media specialists who have basic library science certification may find this option a major addition to their library skills. Program Requirements - 33 hrs. Required Courses - 21 hrs. EDEF 606. Educational Research. - 3 EDEF 607. Foundations of Education. - 3 EDEM 630. Computer Graphics in Education. - 3 EDEM 639. Educational Television Production. - 3 EDEM 659. Visual Media Techniques for Production. - 3 EDEM 679. Research in Educational Media. - 3 EDUC 681. International Education. - 3 Electives - 12 hrs. CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION CONCENTRATION Program Requirements - 30 hrs. Required Courses - 12 hrs. Educational Technology Course. - 3 EDEF 606. Educational Research. - 3 EDUC 681. International/Comparative Education. - 3 EDEF 607. Educational Foundations. - 3 Electives - 18 hrs. The remaining 18 semester hours are selected by the student with the assistance of a faculty adviser. This concentration encourages the pursuit of advanced study in areas of special interest such as developmental teaching; gifted education; early, middle or secondary education. LICENSURE PROGRAMS WITHIN CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION Graduate students seeking initial licensure to teach in the elementary school, middle school, and select secondary areas should choose the Curriculum and Instruction concentration and will develop an individual program that meets state-approved program approval. BUSINESS EDUCATION OPTION Students must have the appropriate undergraduate major. Program Requirements - 30 hrs. Required Courses - 12 hrs. EDEF 606. Educational Research. - 3 EDUC 681. International Education. - 3 EDEM 620. Instructional Computing. - 3 EDEF 607. Educational Foundations. - 3 Elective - 3 hrs. (Must be selected with help from the adviser from courses in the College of Education and Human Development). Courses in the College of Business and Economics - 9 hrs. ADSY 561. Teaching Business Subjects. - 3 BUED 665. Administration and Supervision of Business Subjects. - 3 BUED 663. Current Problems in Business Education. - 3 Electives - 6 hrs. TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (TESL) OPTION Program Requirements - 30 hrs. Required Courses - 24 hrs. Instructional Technology Course. - 3 EDEF 606. Educational Research. - 3 EDEF 607. Educational Foundations. - 3 EDUC 681. International Education. - 3 ENGL 663. Linguistics. - 3 EDLI 663. ESL: Analysis and Application of Instructional Techniques. - 3 EDRD 688. Advanced Study in Reading. - 3 EDLI 604. Second Language Assessment Principles. - 3 Electives - 6 hrs. (To be arranged with the adviser and approved by the department chair.) Students who have not met the prerequisites for entrance to the Masters Program in Education must complete up to nine hours of prerequisites in Education with at least one course or experience in Special Education. Students wishing to specialize in TESL who have not completed undergraduate work in English beyond the General Education requirements (9-12 credits minimum) will also be required to complete up to nine hours of work in English. Students must also demonstrate that they have completed six hours of university-level course work in a foreign language with a GPA of 3.0. ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (ESL) ENDORSEMENT OPTION Students seeking an endorsement in ESL should consult the chair of the Department of Educational Studies at 831-5302. In addition to the courses required for the specialization in TESL, students must also complete the following course work: EDLI 602. ESL: Applied Linguistics - 3 Each candidate for endorsement must also complete six hours of college-level instruction in a modern foreign language. SCIENCE EDUCATION OPTION Applicants must hold a B.S. or B.A. degree either in Secondary Science Education, Elementary Education, Chemistry, Physics, Earth and Space Science or a related field. The flexible, interdisciplinary program features a wide variety of course offerings, small class size, a modern computer laboratory, opportunities for experiences in public schools and an optional thesis. Program Requirements - 30 hrs. Required Courses - 12 hrs. EDEF 606. Educational Research. - 3 EDEF 607. Foundations of Education. - 3 EDUC 681. International Education. - 3 Instructional Technology Course. - 3 Natural Sciences Courses - 18 PHSC 602. Scientific Literature. - 3 See Courses Supporting Option in Science Education. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIENTIAL EDUCATION CONCENTRATION This concentration is designed to increase the competency of individuals who supervise, teach, or lead environmental, experiential, or adventure based education programs. This concentration is designed for students who have earned an undergraduate degree leading to teaching certification or licensure, or a degree in recreation, leisure, or environmental education. Students with related undergraduate majors may apply with the understanding that satisfactory completion of undergraduate course deficiencies will be determined by the department's graduate faculty. Students must take a minimum of 12 hours of education courses, a minimum of 6 hours of leisure services courses, and a minimum of 5 hours in two dual-listed courses. The remaining 9-13 hours are elective. An elective concentration is developed in consultation with an adviser according to the student's goals and interests. Specialized tracks in adventure-based counseling, environmental planning, wilderness education, or experience based training and development may be developed in consultation with the adviser. Program Requirements - 36 hrs. Required Courses - 23-27 hrs. EDEF 606. Educational Research. - 3 EDEF 607. Foundations of Education - 3 EDUC 681. International Education - 3 EDEM 619. Media and Instructional Development (or other appropriate technology course). - 3 LESE 601. Environmental and Experiential Philosophy. - 3 LESE 660. Legal Aspects of Environmental and Experiential Activities. - 3 EDUC/LESE 686. Practicum in Environmental and Experiential Education. - 2-6 EDUC/LESE 690. Seminar in Experiential Education - 3 Electives - 9-13 hrs. EDUCATION COURSES EDEC 602. The Young Child (PreK-3). (3) Three hours lecture. Theories of cognitive, social, emotional and physical development of the young children are related to early childhood practicum. Current curriculum theory applied to classroom practice. EDEC 658. Problems in Early Childhood Education. (3) Three hours lecture. Focuses on early childhood and issues and concerns in practices. Addresses related educational concerns of teachers and administrators on an individual basis. EDEF 606. Educational Research. (3) Three hours lecture. An analysis of various approaches to the planning of research. Discusses techniques and procedures used in making and evaluating studies. Elementary statistics included. EDEF 607. Foundations of Education. (3) Three hours lecture. Study of the historical, philosophical and sociological bases undergirding educational practice in all its aspects, particularly those of curriculum, methodology, evaluation, administration, guidance and research. EDET 619. Media/Technology and Instructional Development. (3) Three hours lecture. Provides students with initial skills and competencies in applying instructional systems principles to teaching learning problems. Examines development of specifications for facilities, equipment and materials for learning under a variety of conditions and instructional media in relation to content and learner characteristics. Includes large and small group activities. EDET 620. Instructional Computing. (3) Two hours lecture; two hours laboratory. Prerequisite: EDEM 470 or equivalent. Emphasizes instructional applications of telecommunications and computer-assisted instruction (CAI). Explores research on effectiveness of various forms of CAI. EDET 629. Administration of Educational Media. (3) Three hours lecture. Examines the role of media managers, specialists and technicians in the option of teaching resource centers; acquisition, classification and distribution of materials and equipment; and budgetary concerns. EDET 630. Computer Graphics. (3) Two hours lecture; two hours laboratory. Prerequisite: EDEM 470 or equivalent. Focuses on application of computer graphics in the classroom, including design and development of instructional graphics. Through projects, students explore a variety of graphic production software, input and output devices. EDET 660. Current Issues in Educational Media/Technology (Topic). (1-4) One to four hours per week. Examines a major problem or special issue concerning educational media, its implications and possible solutions. EDET 689. Practicum in Educational Media/Technology. (3) A minimum of 150 hours of practicum experience each semester enrolled. Prerequisite: Minimum of 18 semester hours of credit courses outlined in the major for educational media program; and permission of Educational Studies Department Chairperson at least four weeks prior to registration. Offers practical field experience in a modern media center under the joint supervision of public school and university personnel. Grade recorded as "Pass" or "Fail." Approval forms are available in the Department of Educational Studies. EDET 698. Directed Study in Educational Media/Technology. (1-4) Hours and credit to be arranged. Prerequisites: Approval of the adviser and chair of the Department of Educational Studies. See Directed Study EDLI 602. English as a Second Language (ESL): Applied Linguistics. (3) Three hours lecture. Provides for a comprehensive examination of the relationship between linguistics and second language teaching. EDLI 603. English as a Second Language (ESL): Analysis and Application of Instructional Techniques. (3) Two hours lecture, two hours lab. Prerequisites: FORL/EDUC 402; Second Language Teaching Methods or permission of instructor. Provides opportunities for practical applications of second language acquisition theories and methodologies through a series of guided observations, evaluations and limited supervised teaching. EDLI 604. Second Language Assessment Principles. (3) Three hours lecture. Analysis of current testing methods for the second language classroom. EDLI 605. Second Language Curriculum Design. (3) Three hours lecture. Compare/contrast and analyze current second language curriculum models. EDLS 610. Developing Library Collections. (3) Three hours lecture. Analysis of the impact of qualitative standards, formulas and other measures of collection adequacy on library planning. Emphasis on curriculum-support responsibilities of the library. EDLS 612. Reference Materials and Services. (3) Three hours lecture. Prerequisites: Graduate standing Course introduces ways of locating, evaluating and selecting general and subject-oriented reference sources with emphasis on works suitable for children and young adults; fosters a concept of reference librarianship which integrates informational and instructional roles of library media specialists. EDLS 614. Organization of Library Media Center Materials. (3) Three hours lecture. Prerequisites: Graduate status Course introduces basic principles of organizing print and nonprint materials for efficient accessibility in library media center. Descriptive cataloging, classification, and assignment of subject headings introduced. Emphasis placed on integration of computer automation into the organization process. EDME 659. The Middle Education Student. (3) Three hours lecture. Provides those who teach or aspire to teach in middle education (grades 5-8, ages 9-14) with insights into growth characteristics of the preadolescent student and their implications for teaching, learning and classroom management. Considers related current research. EDSE 621. Recent Developments in Teaching in the Secondary School. (3) Three hours lecture. Focus on recent research and developments that have potential for improved teaching in secondary school classrooms. Emphasis on research and developments which have the most general application. EDSE 631. Problems in Secondary School Teaching. (3) Three hours lecture. Examines instructional and organizational problems, both general and specific. Focuses on problems which arise in junior and senior high schools. Topics include, but are not limited to: curriculum, classroom procedure, materials, textbooks, study and assignments. EDUC 602. The Young Child (K-4). (3) Three hours lecture. Theories of cognitive, social, emotional and physical development of the young child are related to early childhood practicum. Current curriculum theory applied to classroom practice. EDUC 603. Evaluation of Student Learning. (3) Three hours lecture. Emphasis on a variety of evaluation techniques, including classroom tests, student projects, student reports, standardized tests and other evaluative instruments which are suitable for use in schools. Consideration given to informal methods of evaluation. Class evaluates techniques and methods. Focus on improvement of pupil evaluation process in school. EDUC 610. Problems in Language Arts and Literature. (K-8). (3) Three hours lecture. Study of problems in communication skills of listening, speaking and writing and literature for children appropriate to early and middle education. EDUC 612. Problems in Social Studies. (3) Three hours lecture. Selected topics in the social studies area to be determined by the interests of students in the course. For the elementary classroom teacher, supervisor, principal or specialist in the social studies area. EDUC 640. Internship in Teaching. (3-9) Practicum for graduate students seeking teaching credentials. EDUC 660. Current Issues in Education (Topic). (1-5) Examines a major problem or trend, its implications and possible solutions or impact on education. EDUC 681. International Education (Topic). (3) Three hours lecture. The course is designed to contrast and compare educational programs in other countries with education in the United States. Special attention given to curriculum, faculty and student composition, legal structure, facilities and administrative arrangements. Course may be repeated with different topic. EDUC/EDSP 690. Cognitive Instruction: An Introduction. (3) Three hours lecture. A study of learning and instructional strategies based upon current cognitive theories; course competency based; students demonstrate the technical skills necessary to develop the learning capabilities of their clients. EDUC/EDSP 691. Cognitive Instruction: Teaching Thinking. (3) Three hours lecture. Prerequisite: EDUC 690. Study of nature of thinking and how students can be taught to use intentional thinking as a learning strategy. EDUC/EDSP 692. Cognitive Instruction: Instructional Planning. (3) Three hours lecture. Prerequisites: EDUC 690; good academic standing. Devoted to the instructional planning component of curriculum and instruction based on cognitive theories and practices. EDUC/EDSP 693. Cognitive Instruction: Individualized Learning. (3) Three hours lecture. Prerequisites: EDUC 690 and EDUC 691. Study of how to teach a diverse group of students at grade level and how to use a diversity of tasks so all students are motivated and challenged. EDUC/EDSP 694. Cognitive Instruction: Performance Based Assessment. (3) One hour seminar; one hour laboratory. Prerequisites: EDUC 690, 691, 692, 693 Students demonstrate specific knowledge base and skills necessary for cognitive instruction. EDUC 698. Directed Study. (1-4) Hours and credit to be arranged. Prerequisites: Approval of the adviser and department chair. See Directed Study EDUC 699. Research and Thesis. (1-6) Hours and credit to be arranged with the approval of the dean of the Graduate College. See Thesis. LEISURE SERVICES COURSES LESE 511. History and Philosophy of Leisure Services. (3) Three hours lecture. Discussion of issue, problems, trends, and principles as foundations of recreation philosophy and education for leisure based living. LESE 517. Seminar in Recreation (Topical). (1-4) Hours and credit to be arranged. Covers factors affecting leisure-centered living, specific topical inquiry and conceptual analysis of modern recreation, urban or rural recreation, sociology of sport, surveys in recreation. Students may take course again for maximum of six hours credit. Fall and spring, alternate years. LESE 523. Recreation Administration. (3) Three hours lecture. Introduction to the administration of leisure services. Emphasis on fiscal management, personnel management, organizational structure, marketing techniques, and legal foundations in recreation and leisure services departments. LESE 525. Issues in Leisure Services Management. (3) Three hours lecture. The course covers issues which influence leisure services management such as financial analysis and future forecasting, financial accountability, politics, conflict management, strategic planning, and technological applications in managing and marketing leisure services. Organizational simulations and role playing are incorporated in the course. LESE 601. Environmental and Experiential Philosophy. (3) Three hours lecture. Provides an advanced understanding of philosophical perspectives and theories relating to the experiential learning and environmental education. Fall. LESE 619. Leisure Services Administration. (3) Three hours lecture. In-depth study and analysis of the administration of leisure service agencies. Emphasis on legal foundations, political processes, personnel practices, departmental organization, relationships with other agencies and evaluation techniques. LESE 624. Environmental Issues. (3) Three hours lecture. In-depth study of environmental issues facing outdoor recreation agencies. Focuses on care of resources and programming for large numbers of people. Discusses teaching and interpretation methodologies for educating a general audience. LESE 635. Research Applications in Leisure Services. (3) Three hours lecture. Provides basic understanding of research and its planning and application within leisure services. LESE 655. Leisure Education. (3) Three hours lecture. Develops an understanding of the need for leisure education in today's society and how to plan, implement and provide education within leisure systems. LESE 660. Legal Aspects of Environmental and Experiential Activities. (3) Three hours lecture. In-depth studies of legal issues related to the provision of outdoor adventure and experiential programming; liability, legislation, tours, contracts. Spring. LESE 676. Wilderness Institute. (6) Lectures, labs and field trips integrated into an intensive, experiential, primarily off-campus course. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. This class provides graduate students with an in-depth experience in the design, development, implementation and evaluation of wil-derness-based educational programs, in-cluding extending wilderness expeditions. Topical issues include environmental education, resource management, risk management, program design and group facilitation. Summer I. LESE 686. Practicum in Environmental and Experiential Education. (2-6) Six to twenty-seven hours per week. Prerequisites: Admission to candidacy within the department and permission of the department chair or adviser. Offers additional practical experience in the management of experiential programs under the joint supervision of a qualified program administrator and Radford University faculty. Practicum grades will be recorded as Pass/Fail. May be taken for up to six hours credit. Applications are available in the department office. LESE 690. Seminar in Experiential Education. (3) Three hours lecture. Emphasis on current issues in the management and development of experiential programs. Examines one specific topic during any one semester of the school year. Students may take this course for a maximum of 6 hours credit. LESE 698. Directed Study. (1-4) Hours and credit to be arranged. Prerequisites: Eligibility for admission to candidacy within the department and approval of the adviser and department chair. Offers the opportunity to pursue in depth a topic of interest in the area of experiential or environmental educational. See Directed Study LESE 699. Research and Thesis. (6) Prerequisite: Approval of adviser in department. Hours and credit to be arranged with the approval of the student's thesis adviser, thesis committee, and the dean of the Graduate College. Provides opportunity to show independent judgement in the study of a specific issue. See Thesis. COURSES SUPPORTING OPTION IN SCIENCE EDUCATION PHYS 510. Modern Physics. (4) Three hours lecture; two hours laboratory. Prerequisites: One year of calculus and one year of physics. Introduction to modern physics, including special relativity, quantum theory, atomic and nuclear physics, elementary particles. PHYS 511 (CHEM 411). Nuclear Chemistry. (3) Three hours lecture. Prerequisite: One year of chemistry, one year of physics and one year of calculus. Historical development of modern atomic theory; properties of atomic nuclei; generalizations related to atomic nuclei; types of nuclear reactions; mathematics of radioactive decay processes; nuclear counters; biological effects of radiation; applications of nuclear reactions, radioisotopes and particle accelerators. PHYS 550. Selected Topics in Physics. (4) Minimum of 60 contact hours for the semester. Prerequisites:One year of physics and two years of calculus. Selected topics in advanced undergraduate physics. A specific course syllabus will be available when the course is offered. A student may take this course for credit more than once provided the topic is different each time. PHSC 510. Science for the Elementary School Teacher. (3) Two hours lecture; three hours laboratory. Nature of science, curricula and structure of elementary science programs. Activities include utilization of curriculum materials, observation and teaching. PHSC 521. Comparative Planetology. (3) Three hours lecture. Prerequisites: GEOL 111:112 and AST 111:112. Application of geological concepts and techniques to solid astronomical bodies; composition and classification of meteorites; terrestrial impact craters; surface features of the moon, Mars, Mercury and asteroids. PHSC 531. Energy and the Environment. (4) Four hours lecture. Prerequisite: PHYS 111:112 or PHYS 221:222 or PHSC 121:122 or CHEM 101:102. A study of energy, its many forms and uses, how it is converted from one form to another, and the environmental consequences of that conversion. PHSC 601. Seminar. (1) Meets minimum of 15 hours per semester. Prerequisite: Admission to the Graduate College. Recent developments in science education. May be taken up to four times for credit provided the topic studied is different each time. PHSC 602. Scientific Literature. (3) Two hours lecture; three hours laboratory. Provides opportunity to locate, retrieve and assimilate information from scientific literature. May be taken twice provided the topics studied are different each time. PHSC 611:612. Selected Topics in Physical Science. (3-4 each) A minimum of 45 contact hours per course. Prerequisite: Graduate student majoring or minoring in science education. A study in depth of one or more science topics. Provides students with initial skills and competencies in applying instructional systems principles to teaching learning problems. Examines development of specifications for facilities, equipment and materials for learning under a variety of conditions and instructional media in relation to content and learner characteristics. Includes large and small group activities. PHSC 621:622. Earth Science for Teachers. (3:2) A minimum of 100 contact hours for both courses. In-depth study of earth science topics, concepts and instructional strategies essential to teaching modern secondary school earth science. PHSC 631:632. Physics for Teachers. (3:2) A minimum of 100 contact hours for both courses. Prerequisites:One year of college physics and one year of college mathematics. Examines physics concepts and approaches essential to teaching modern secondary physics. PHSC 641:642. Chemistry for Teachers. (3:2) A minimum of 100 contact hours for both courses. Prerequisites: One year of college chemistry and one year of college mathematics. Examines chemistry topics and instructional strategies essential to teaching modern secondary school chemistry. PHSC 651:652. Biological Science for Teachers. (3:2) A minimum of 100 contact hours for both courses. Prerequisite: Undergraduate major in biology. Examines biological concepts and instructional strategies essential to teaching modern secondary school biology. PHSC 698. Directed Study. (1-4) Hours and credit to be arranged in consultation with the faculty member with whom the student will work on the directed study. Prerequisites: Approval of the supervising professor, adviser and department chair. See Directed Study. PHSC 699. Research and Thesis. (3-6) Hours and credits to be arranged in consultation with the major adviser and the thesis adviser, and approved by the dean of the Graduate College. See Thesis. MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP ADMISSION Requirements for entrance into the educational leadership program include: evidence of strong commitment to education completion of at least three years of successful professional experience in public schools (or recognized equivalent experience) a Collegiate Professional Certificate copies of transcripts of all undergraduate work attempted test scores from either the Graduate Record Examination or the Miller Analogies Test three recent letters of recommendation. PROGRAMS OF STUDY Graduate programs in school administration leading to a recommendation for an endorsement in educational administration are designed to prepare professional personnel to fill positions as elementary, middle or secondary school principals or supervisors in Virginia. Endorsement in administration in Virginia requires a minimum of three years of successful teaching experience. Students of educational leadership have two licensure alternatives available to them. Each of the options complies with the Virginia Department of Education's guidelines concerning principal licensure in the state of Virginia. Students of educational leadership may seek endorsement for provisional or full licensure as a school principal or supervisor. There are four options of study available. The option selected by the student should be clearly indicated on the student's program of study. Those options are: OPTION 1 Option 1 is designed to culminate in a master's degree with a recommendation of endorsement for full principal's licensure. Program Requirements - 36 hrs. Required Courses - 24 hrs. EDEF 606. Educational Research and Statistics (to be taken within the first 12 hours of the program). - 3 EDEF 607. Foundations of Education. - 3 EDEL 615. Curriculum Development. - 4 EDEL 616. Supervision and Evaluation of Instruction. - 3 EDEL 618. Principalship Exploratory/Assessment. - 3 EDEL 622. School Law. - 3 EDEL 640. Internship. - 5 Program Electives - 12 hrs. EDEL 620. Management Skills for Principals. - 3 EDEL 623. Tasks, Roles and Responsibilities of Educational Leaders. - 3 EDEL 625. Leadership Skills for Effective Human Relations. - 3 EDEL 635. Seminar in Problems of Educational Leadership. - 3 EDEF 660. Current Issues in Education (topic)- 2-4 OPTION 2 Option 2 is designed to culminate in a master's degree and a recommendation of endorsement for provisional principal's certification. Program Requirements - 36 hrs. Required Courses - 21 hrs. EDEF 606. Educational Research and Statistics (to be taken within first 12 hours of the program.) - 3 EDEF 607. Foundations of Education. - 3 EDEL 615. Curriculum Development. - 4 EDEL 616. Supervision and Evaluation of Instruction. - 3 EDEL 618. Principalship Exploratory/Assessment. - 3 EDEL 622. School Law. - 3 EDEL 627. Practicum in School Administration. - 2 (Students taking practica must work in the area in which they are seeking licensure.) Program Electives - 12 hrs. EDEL 620. Management Skills for Principals. - 3 EDEL 623. Tasks, Roles and Responsibilities of Educational Leaders. - 3 EDEL 625. Leadership Skills for Effective Human Relations. - 3 EDEL 635. Seminar in Problems of Educational Leadership. - 3 EDEL 660. Current Issues in Education (topic) - 2-4 Free Elective - 3 hrs. OPTION 3 Option 3 is designed to meet the needs of those students who possess a master's degree in another field and are seeking full principal's licensure but not an additional degree. After consultation with their advisers, students create their programs of study by selecting 24 semester hours from the following list of courses. Program Requirements - 24 hrs. Required Courses - 18 hrs. EDEL 615. Curriculum Development. - 4 EDEL 616. Supervision and Evaluation of Instruction. - 3 EDEL 618. Principalship Exploratory/Assessment. - 3 EDEL 622. School Law. - 3 EDEL 640. Internship. - 5 Program Electives - 6 hrs. EDEL 620. Management Skills for Principals. - 3 EDEL 623. Tasks, Roles and Responsibilities of Educational Leaders. - 3 EDEL 625. Leadership Skills for Effective Human Relations. - 3 EDEL 635. Seminar in Problems of Educational Leadership. - 3 EDEL 660. Current Issues in Education (topic). - 2-4 OPTION 4 Option 4 is designed to meet the needs of those students who possess a master's degree in another field and are seeking provisional principal's licensure but not an additional degree. After consultation with their advisers, students will create their program of study by selecting 24 hours from the following list of courses. Program Requirements - 24 hrs. Required Courses - 15 hrs. EDEL 615. Curriculum Development. - 4 EDEL 616. Supervision and Evaluation of Instruction. - 3 EDEL 618. Principalship Exploratory/Assessment. - 3 EDEL 622. School Law. - 3 EDEL 627. Practicum in School Administration. - 2 (Students taking practica must work in the level in which they are seeking licensure or endorsement.) Program Electives - 9 hrs. EDEL 620. Management Skills for Principals. - 3 EDEL 623. Tasks, Roles and Responsibilities of Educational Leaders. - 3 EDEL 625. Seminar in Problems of Educational Leadership. - 3 EDEL 635. Seminar in Problems of Educational Leadership. - 3 EDEL 660. Current Issues in Education (topic). - 2-4 Students who are seeking endorsement as a supervisor must have an endorsement as a school principal, complete EDEL 616, and complete the appropriate practicum. INTERNSHIP/PRACTICA The Virginia Department of Education has mandated that anyone who receives full principal's licensure must serve either one 90-day internship or two 45-day internships. Students in the principal preparation program at Radford have two field experience options. They are: INTERN OPTION This option permits students in the principal preparation program to seek a recommendation for endorsement for full principal's licensure. To acquire full licensure, students must serve as intern principals for two sessions of 45 consecutive days or one session of 90 consecutive days. This time must be during the regular school year while school is in session for students, and interns must not have any other duties or responsibilities other than those related to their internship. During this time the intern will be assigned to serve under a mentor principal who will provide the intern with the widest possible breadth and depth of administrative experiences. Mentor principals will be selected from practicing principals recommended by area school systems to the university as exemplars of their profession. Additionally, a professor will be assigned from the university to work with the student and the mentor principal throughout the internship. PRACTICA OPTION This option permits students in the principal preparation program to seek a recommendation for endorsement for a provisional principal's licensure. Under this option students complete all requirements for full licensure with exception of internship. Once individuals with provisional licensure acquires principalship or assistant principalship, students will be allowed to enroll in internships through the university and complete requirements leading to recommendation for endorsement for full licensure. EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP COURSES EDEL 615. Curriculum Development (4) Four hours lecture. Studies curriculum development for grades K-12. Relates curriculum design to sociological, psychological and philosophical trends. Refines procedures concerned with curriculum organization. Projects assigned in areas where curricula are developed. EDEL 616. Supervision and Evaluation of Instruction. (3) Three hours lecture. Prerequisite: Teaching experience or permission of instructor. Evaluates effectiveness of instructional programs. Studies role of school administrators and supervisors in the improvement and evaluation of instruction. EDEL 618. Principalship Exploratory/Assessment. (3) Three hours lecture. Prerequisites: A valid teaching certificate and one year of successful teaching. Study of school principalship at elementary, middle and secondary levels. Exploration is made of roles, skills and competencies necessary for successful school principals. Students are assessed to identify how their strengths and weaknesses relate to administration of public schools. EDEL 620. Managerial Skills for Principals. (3) Three hours lecture. Prerequisites: Teaching certificate and one year of successful teaching. A comprehensive study of the varied managerial duties and responsibilities of school principals at the elementary, middle and secondary school levels. An investigation is made of the competencies in managerial leadership in organizing, communicating, financial planning, public relations and decision making necessary for successful school administration. Link made between managerial functions of principals and instructional leadership. EDEL 622. School Law. (3) Three hours lectures. Studies the legal status of schools in the United States with special reference to Virginia conditions. Emphasis on constitutional provisions, school laws, judicial decisions, Attorney General's rulings and regulations of the State Board of Education. EDEL 623. Tasks, Roles and Responsibilities of Educational Leaders. (3) Three hours lectures. Prerequisite: Graduate standing Studies the various tasks, roles, and responsibilities of educational leaders at the elementary, middle and secondary levels. In addition, a formal analysis of an organization/system will be made. EDEL 625. Leadership Skills for Effective Human Relations. (3) Three hours lecture. Course is designed for studying the complex aspects of human relations within educational organizations. Specific emphasis will be placed upon understanding, predicting and influencing both the individual and the group within the context of educational organizations. EDEL 627A. Practicum in Elementary School Administration. (2) EDEL 627B. Practicum in Middle School Administration. (2) EDEL 627C. Practicum in Secondary School Administration. (2) A minimum of 40 hours of practicum experience for each semester hour of credit. Prerequisites: Completion of at least 24 semester hours of graduate credit for option 1 and 2 students, 15 semester hours for option 3 and 4 students, and permission of the advisor and program chairperson prior to registration. Gives the prospective administrator practical experience, under supervision, with the problems they will face. Practicum grades recorded Pass or Fail. Request forms are available in the Department of Educational Studies. EDEL 628A. Practicum in Elementary School Supervision. (2) EDEL 628B. Practicum in Middle School Supervision. (2) EDEL 628C. Practicum in Secondary School Supervision. (2) A minimum of 40 hours of practicum experience for each semester hour of credit. Prerequisites: Completion of at least 24 semester hours of graduate credit for option 1 and 2 students, 15 semester hours for option 3 and 4 students, and permission of the advisor and program area chairperson prior to registration. Gives the prospective supervisor experience in local schools under the cooperative supervision of both local and university personnel. Practicum grades recorded as Pass or Fail. Request forms are available in the Department of Educational Studies. EDEL 635. Seminar in Problems of Educational Leadership. (3) Three hours lecture. The course will be conducted in seminar format with professors and students identifying the major problems currently facing educational leaders. Once the problems have been identified students will be expected to conduct research concerning the problems, report their findings and offer potential solutions to the problems. EDEL 640. Internship for School Principals. (5) Prerequisites: Valid teaching certificate, successful completion of all course work in Educational Leadership program of study or permission of adviser and chair of the Department of Educational Studies. Internship in the principalship is designed to provide students of educational administration a comprehensive experience in the area of the school principalship. Interns are expected to serve as full-time intern principals for two sessions of 45 consecutive days, while school is in session. Interns will be assigned to serve under a mentor principal as well as receiving guidance and assistance from a university faculty member. EDEL 660. Current Issues in Education (topic). (2-4) Examines a major problem or trend, its implications and possible alternative solutions or impact on education. EDEL 698. Directed Study. (1-4) Hours and credit to be arranged. Prerequisites: Approval of adviser and chair of Department of Educational Studies. See Directed Study MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN READING The Reading Specialist (K-12) Program requires 33 semester hours of graduate work. Endorsement requires at least three years of successful classroom teaching experience in which the teaching of reading was an important responsibility. Prior to completion of 12 semester hours each student must demonstrate proficiency in written English as evaluated by the faculty of the department. Students majoring in reading will be asked to write an extemporaneous essay on a topic selected by the department. The allotted time will be one hour; a minimum of 300 words and a maximum of 600 words is required. Program Requirements - 33 hrs. Required Courses - 30 hrs. EDEF 606. Educational Research. - 3 EDRD 624. Administration & Supervision of Reading Programs. - 3 EDRD 630. Teaching Reading in the Content Areas. - 3 EDRD/EDSP 641. Classroom Development & Remediation of Language Skills. - 3 EDRD 688. Advanced Study in Reading Skills - 3 EDRD 692. Reading Diagnosis: Testing, Prescription & Remediation - 3 EDRD 695. Alternative Approaches to Reading. - 3 EDRD 697. Practicum: Diagnostic and Remedial Techniques in Reading. - 6 EDSP 669. Diagnostic Educational Procedures for Exceptional Individuals. - 3 Elective - 3 hrs. Select one elective in consultation with your adviser. Some suggestions include: EDSP 670. Strategies for Managing Emotionally Disturbed Children. - 3 ENGL 525. The Study of Adolescent Literature. - 3 ENGL 547. Appalachian Literature. - 3 ENGL 648. Studies in Oral and Written Literature of Appalachia. - 3 PSYC 671. Theories of Personality. - 3 READING COURSES EDRD 624. Administration and Supervision of Reading Programs. (3) Three hours lecture. Course for educators who will be involved in planning, implementing, supervising and evaluating reading programs. Helps students better understand the issues, choices, procedures and requirements for good reading programs and includes a review of some exemplary programs currently in use. EDRD 630. Teaching Reading in the Content Areas. (3) Three hours lecture. Prerequisite: Graduate Standing Covers skills necessary to teach reading in the secondary school content areas and community college and adult basic literacy programs. Differential assignments will be made for students from the various content areas. EDRD/EDSP 641. Classroom Development and Remediation of Language Skills. (3) Three hours lecture. For graduate students working with children and youth in oral and written language development. Emphasis on development of language, relationship between thought and language, disability and language, and cultural and experiential differences affecting language. Classroom strategies for development and remediation of oral and written language skills discussed. EDRD 660. Current Issues in Education (Topic). (1-4) One to four hours credit. Examines a major issue in reading and its implications for teachers and reading specialists. EDRD 688. Advanced Study in Reading Skills. (3) Three hours lecture. An in-depth exploration and comparison of the various reading skills, methods and approaches leading to an understanding of the fundamental processes of reading. Materials will be prepared for teaching specific reading skills. EDRD 695. Alternative Approaches to Reading. (3) Three hours lecture. Prerequisite: Three semester hours of reading instruction. Covers alternative instructional reading programs and how to replace, supplement or interface them with ongoing classroom programs in order to accommodate varying learning styles and needs. EDRD 692. Reading Diagnosis: Testing, Prescription and Remediation. (3) Three hours lecture. Prerequisite: EDRD 688 Designed to provide instruction in the administration and interpretation of a selected battery of tests and in designing a program of remediation for a disabled reader. Students will prepare a case study for teachers and parents which will include interpretation of test results and plans for remediation using appropriate methods and materials. EDRD 697. Practicum: Diagnostic and Remedial Techniques in Reading. (6) Twelve hours laboratory experience. Prerequisites: EDRD 592 and permission of the chairperson of the Educational Studies Department at least eight weeks prior to registration. Students will be placed with a selected group of children in a public school or clinical setting and will plan and implement an overall program of remediation based on diagnosis with emphasis on individual needs within the group. EDRD 698. Directed Study. (1-4) Hours and credits to be arranged. Prerequisites: Approval of the adviser and chair of the Department of Educational Studies. See Directed Study

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