POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN

9.0  UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS- STRATEGIES

The following pollution prevention strategies were developed through inspections and interviews with departmental heads and supervisory personnel.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Substituted low odor mineral spirits for turpentine and the Print Making shop substituted water-based inks for solvent-based inks.

3. Preventive Maintenance inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolongs equipment life.

4. Undergraduates are required to take a laboratory safety course that covers chemical usage and health hazards.

5. Paper with print only on one-side is used for scrap paper. Reports are photocopied on both sides of paper. Painted canvases are painted over and repainted. Students routinely reuse solvents from paint brush cleaning as a thinner. Collage course uses waste, trash, old paint, and paper to make art. Video Art reuses video camera film. Photography reuses slide borders until unserviceable.

6. Students buy their own supplies, which promotes conservation. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination. All chemicals are used sparingly. The computer laboratory uses a digital camera, which uses no film or chemicals.

7. Old computers and hardware are pooled for reuse or sold at surplus.

8. Solvent waste is segregated to increase recyclability. Silver is recovered from spent fixers. Hazardous waste is disposed of properly.

9. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

10. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift. Two rooms have automated lighting.

11. Solvent soaked rags are placed in oily waste cans.

12. Cardboard, paper, silver recovered from film, and toner cartridges are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Recycle Styrofoam, aluminum cans, old clay and used photographic film and paper.

2. Mish Mish has a product called Max Oil-based Paint, which cleans-up with soap and water. The paint ranges from $4.89 to $10.79 per tube depending upon color. This would save the students money because they require no solvents for cleanups. This would also cut down on hazardous waste disposal costs of waste solvents and contaminated rags.

3. Continue to search for an environmentally friendly substitute for mineral spirits.

4. Use water-based glues rather than solvent-based glues, whenever possible.

5. Use lead-free glazes for pottery.

6. Use pre-mixed clays.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Substituted detergents instead of solvents for glassware cleaning, whenever possible. Sodium hypochlorite is used instead of sodium dichromate, alcohol instead of benzene, formaldehyde-free products for preserving specimens rather than formaldehyde.

3. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination. Chemicals are pre-weighted for undergraduate usage.

4. Paper with print only on one-side is used for scrap paper. Reports are photocopied on both sides of paper.

5. Chemical volumes used in laboratory experiments are scaled down. Instruments are used more than wet chemistry. All chemicals are used sparingly. Waste destruction is the final procedure for many experiments; an example is the neutralization of acids. Secondary containers are properly labeled to reduce waste.

6. Solvent waste is segregated to increase recyclability. Hazardous waste is disposed of properly.

7. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions. Empty gas cylinders are exchanged on a 1:1 basis.

8. Bulk chemicals are directly pumped to lower the risk of spillage. Pumps are dedicated to reduce cleaning.

9. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

10. Aluminum cans, cardboard, paper, and toner cartridges are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Recycle Styrofoam.

2. Conduct periodic laboratory inspection to ensure proper handling of chemicals. This can reduce the potential to release chemicals into the environment.

3. Continue to substitute less hazardous chemicals for more hazardous chemicals.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Water-based or latex paint has been substituted for solvent-based and oil-based, where applicable. All paints used are lead-free.

3. Preventive Maintenance Program has been established to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolongs equipment life. The steam tunnels are inspected weekly for leaks. If other problems are noted, they are reported to the responsible party for repair. Storage tank containment areas are inspected after periods of rainfall to note any leaks or to remove rainwater via an oil-water separator, to ensure holding capacity. Water makeup for steam generation is monitored daily, to note any substantial loss.

4. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination. Funnels are dedicated to specific equipment to prevent cross contamination.

5. Reports are photocopied on both sides of the paper. Paper with print on one-side is used for scrap paper. Piping removed is reused whenever possible.

6. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Secondary containers are properly labeled. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions. Empty 55-gallon drums are returned to the manufacturer.

7. Bulk chemicals are stored in barrel saddles with an attached spigot. Drip pans are utilized to prevent spillage. Funnels and spigot are dedicated to reduce cleaning or cross contamination.

8. The oil storage tanks are equipped with low flow and high volume automatic shut off. The two 50,000-gallon oil storage tanks will be equipped with leak detection by means of a floating device that will set-off an alarm to warn of rapid fuel lose. The three new boilers are equipped with low nitrous oxide burners to increase burning efficiency.

9. Solvent waste is segregated to increase recyclability. Solvent soaked rags are properly containerized for hazardous waste disposal.

10. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift. Steam pipes are insulated to conserve energy.

11. Aluminum, batteries, cardboard, metal, oil, and paper wood are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Recycle antifreeze and toner cartridges.

2. Improve general housekeeping for the 55-gallon drums dispensing area. Ensure all drums have drip pans.

3. Investigate the use of less hazardous boiler water treatment chemicals.

4. Investigate the use of non-drip transfer pumps.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

3. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials.

4. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

5. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

6. Chemicals were evaluated and no substitutions are currently available.

7. Aluminum cans, glass, and paper are recycled.

Recommendation

1. Continue to search for less hazardous chemicals.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Water based paint are substituted for solvent or oil-based paint as much as possible, which remove the need for mineral spirits. Lead and cadmium free paints are used.

3. Regular inspections are preformed to find problems before they happen. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

4. Paper with print only on one-side is used for scrap paper. Door stops, door closers, panning devices, exit devices, lumber, and plywood are reused until non-serviceable.

5. Reports are photocopied on both sides of paper.

6. All chemicals are used sparingly. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials.

7. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

8. Aluminum cans, batteries, cardboard, metal, wood, oil, paper, and Styrofoam are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Use a closed container for soaking and cleaning paint brushes. This will save raw materials and reduce air emissions.

2. Collect mineral spirits soaked rags and contact cement contaminated rags for hazardous waste disposal.

3. Substitute water-based paint for solvent-based paint, whenever possible.

4. Continue to explore possible reuses of sawdust.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures. Minimum quantities are ordered.

2. Substituted detergents instead of solvents for glassware cleaning, whenever possible. Sodium hypochlorite is used instead of sodium dichromate, and alcohol instead of benzene.

3. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination. Chemicals are pre-weighted for undergraduate usage.

4. Paper with print only on one-side is used for scrap paper. Reports are photocopied on both sides of paper.

5. Chemical volumes used in laboratory experiments are scaled down. Instruments are used more than wet chemistry. All chemicals are used sparingly. Waste destruction is the final procedure for many experiments; an example is the neutralization of acids. Secondary containers are properly labeled to reduce waste.

6. Solvent waste is segregated to increase recyclability. Hazardous waste is disposed of properly.

7. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions. Empty gas cylinders are exchanged on a 1:1 basis.

8. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

9. Aluminum cans, cardboard, paper, silver, mercury, and toner cartridges are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Conduct periodic laboratory inspection to ensure proper handling of chemicals. This can reduce the potential to release chemicals into the environment.

2. Mercury thermometers should be substituted with non-mercury thermometers.

3. A chemical surplus program should be developed to exchange unneeded chemicals among laboratories. A list of available chemicals should be distributed periodically to all departments. This can result in significant pollution reduction.

4. Ensure that ethers are dated to prevent the formation of dangerous peroxides.

5. Continue to search for less hazardous chemicals.

6. Increase in-lab destruction of waste chemicals as part of the final step in laboratory experiments.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolong equipment life.

3. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

4. Paper with print only on one-side is used for scrap paper. Reports are photocopied on both sides of paper.

5. Instruments are used more than wet chemistry. All chemicals are used sparingly. Solvent waste is segregated to increase recyclability.

6. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

7. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

8. Paper and toner cartridges are recycled.

Recommendation

1. Recycle aluminum cans and batteries.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolong equipment life.

3. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

4. Paper with print only on one-side is used for scrap paper.

5. Reports are photocopied on both sides of paper. All chemicals are used sparingly.

6. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions. Empty 30-gallon drums are returned to the manufacturer and empty gas cylinders are exchanged on a one to one basis.

7. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. The pool is always manned during filling to ensure no overfilling. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift. Half the available lighting is used to save energy and light bulbs.

Recommendations

1. Substitute a less hazardous disinfectant for gas chlorine.

2. Purchase a chlorine gas monitor.

Current Practices

1. Preventive Maintenance Programs are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolong equipment life.

2. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

3. Paper with print only on one-side is used for scrap paper.

4. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive

emissions.

5. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Empty 55-gallon drums are returned to manufacture.

6. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

7. Aluminum, batteries, PCB & Non PCB ballasts, cardboard, fluorescent bulbs, metal, oil, and paper are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Photocopy reports on both sides of the paper.

2. Recycle clear and green glass and mercury switches.

3. Collect mineral spirits soaked rags and contact cement contaminated rags for hazardous waste disposal.

4. Substitute lead-free solders for lead-based solders.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Low lead-based solders are used.

3. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolong equipment life.

4. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

5. Paper with print only on one-side is used for scrap paper.

6. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Empty 55-gallon drums are returned to manufacture. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

7. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

8. Aluminum, batteries, and cardboard are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Recycle batteries, paper, silver, and toner cartridges.

2. Neutralize acid soaked rags or paper before disposal.

3. Recycle cathode ray tubes and computer monitors.

4. Substitute lead-free solders for lead-based solders.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolong equipment life.

3. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

4. All chemicals are used sparingly. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions. Secondary containers are properly labeled to reduce waste.

5. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Empty chemical containers are given to the Chemistry Department for reuse.

6. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

7. Aluminum, cardboard, and paper are recycled.

Recommendation

1. Recycle toner cartridges.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Styrofoam has been substituted for paper for carry out items.

3. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolong equipment life.

4. Pallets are returned to the Distribution Center on a 1:1 basis. Milk crates are returned to the manufacturer. Disposable items have been replaced with non-disposables whenever possible.

5. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

6. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Empty 55-gallon drums are returned to manufacture. Plastic wraps associated with laundered uniforms are returned to laundry facilities for reuse.

7. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

8. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift. The exhaust fans used are on timers.

9. Grease traps have been installed to reduce the amount of oil and grease in the wastewater. Waste food collection has been implemented to reduce the amount of BOD in the wastewater.

10. Grease is sent to a renderer.

11. Cardboard, paper, metals, tin cans, and toner cartridges are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Recycle shrink wrap.

2. Investigate integrated pest management techniques to find environmentally friendly substitutions for pesticides currently being used.

3. Continue to search for less hazardous chemicals for the acid descaler.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items that degrade quickly as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Recycled Styrofoam has been substituted with paper.

3. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolong equipment life.

4. Grease waste is used at another plant for raw material. Pallets are returned to the Distribution Center on a 1:1 basis. Milk crates are returned to the manufacturer.

5. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

6. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials.

7. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

8. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift. The exhaust fans used are on timers.

9. Grease traps have been installed to reduce the amount of oil and grease in the wastewater.

10. Aluminum, cardboard, grease, tin cans, and paper are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Return coat hangers to National Linen Services for reuse.

2. Recycle shrink wrap.

3. Recycle broken forks, spoons, metal trays, and any other metals.

4. Waste food collection should be implemented to reduce the amount of BOD in the wastewater.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolong equipment life.

3. Empty 55-gallon drums are returned to the manufacturer on a 1:1 basis.

4. Reports are photocopied on both sides of paper. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

5. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. All chemicals are used sparingly. Paper usage is maximized by generating as many copies of short documents out of a single sheet of paper, as possible.

6. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

7. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

8. Hazardous waste is disposed of properly.

9. Aluminum, cardboard, oil, paper, packaging material, Styrofoam, toner cartridges, and old exams are recycled.

Recommendation

1. Properly label secondary containers to reduce waste and better utilize raw materials.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolong equipment life.

3. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination. Chemicals are pre-weighted for undergraduate usage.

4. Undergraduates are taught laboratory safety before handling chemicals.

5. Paper with print only on one-side is used for scrap paper. Reports are photocopied on both sides of paper. Food products and leftovers are reused as much as possible.

6. Chemical volumes used in laboratory experiments are scaled down. Instruments are used more than wet chemistry. All chemicals are used sparingly. Waste destruction is the final procedure for many experiments; an example is the neutralization of acids. Secondary containers are properly labeled to reduce waste. Rarely used chemicals are borrowed and returned.

7. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions. Empty gas cylinders are exchanged on a 1:1 basis.

8. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

9. Paper and toner cartridges are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Recycle aluminum cans.

2. Keep mercury thermometers in secondary containers to prevent breakage and contamination.

3. Substitute mercury thermometers with non-mercury thermometers.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Substituted non-bleached towels for bleached towels.

3. All housekeepers are responsible for reporting maintenance problems as soon as possible, and are evaluated on this skill, annually. Housekeeping trains personnel on proper handling, usage and dilution ratios of chemicals used to avoid spills, leaks or contamination. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

4. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

5. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

6. Environmentally friendly products are purchased whenever possible. Environmental Safety office is contacted before purchasing chemicals for possible substitutions.

7. Aluminum, batteries, cardboard, newspaper, and paper are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Properly label secondary containers to reduce waste and better utilize raw materials.

2. Continue to purchase environmentally friendly products, whenever possible.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Non-alkaline chemicals have been substituted for alkaline descalers.

3. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolongs equipment life. Inventory control of CFCs is in place. Personnel document quantities used to determine amounts recovered or replenished.

4. Paper with print only on one-side is used for scrap paper.

5. All chemicals are used sparingly. Propylene glycol has been substituted for ethylene gylcol.

6. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

7. Bulk chemicals are directly pumped to lower the risk of spillage and pumps are dedicated to reduce cleaning.

8. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Water from the cooling towers is recycled. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift. HVAC systems are automated for energy conservation.

9. Metal, oil, and CFCs are recycled.

Recommendation

1. Purchase the most energy efficient units whenever possible.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Potassium liquor sulfur was substituted for sodium cyanide. Solders are lead and cadmium free.

3. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolongs equipment life.

4. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

5. Undergraduates are taught laboratory safety before handling chemicals.

6. Paper with print only on one-side is used for scrap paper.

7. Reports are photocopied on both sides of paper. Secondary containers are properly labeled to reduce waste.

8. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions. Empty gas cylinders are exchanged on a 1:1 basis.

9. Hazardous waste is disposed of properly.

10. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

11. Aluminum, metal, oil, paper, and silver toner cartridges are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Use oil-based paints that cleanup with soap and water. This would save the students money because they require no solvents for cleanups. This would also cut down on hazardous waste disposal costs of waste solvents and contaminated rags.

2. Use nontoxic paints that are lead and cadmium free.

3. Use an environmentally preferred degreaser for cleanups.

4. Ensure that students receive more information on environmentally friendly products.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Peladow chemical has been substituted for salt as an ice remover, because it is more effective, and reduces the amounts used. Peladow reduces waste because it does not harm vegetation or concrete.

3. A Preventive Maintenance program is currently under development to find problems before they happen.

4. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

5. Items are separated for the tube grinder at the landfill to make mulch.

6. All mowers are purchased with mulching decks.

7. Irrigation injection is used to replace spraying of pesticides or pesticides are applied in dry powder form, then watered into the soil.

8. Reports are photocopied on both sides of paper.

9. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions. Pesticide containers are tripled rinse with the rinsate utilized for application. All pesticides are used sparingly. Pesticide toxicity is kept at a minimum and restricted-use pesticides are not used. Old pesticides are disposed of as hazardous waste.

10. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. The irrigation system has a rain-sensor to prevent over-watering and has an automatic cutoff. The irrigation system is pressurized and is periodically checked for leakage. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

11. Aluminum, batteries, biodegradable (brush & leaves), cardboard, glass, metal, paper, and Styrofoam are recycled.

Recommendations

1. When purchasing new equipment, evaluate the fuel efficiency, a rating of 10 is the best.

2. Use paper with print only on one-side, for scrap paper or notes.

3. General housekeeping should be improved when handling pesticides to minimize contamination. Funnels should be used when transferring chemicals to prevent spills.

4. Properly labeling secondary containers of pesticides will maximize raw materials and reduce the amounts of unknown hazardous waste for disposal.

5. Investigate the use of integrated pest management techniques and products to find environmentally friendly substitutions.

6. Provide a secondary containment system for pesticide storage.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. All masonry paint is latex. Latex traffic paint has been substituted for oil-based. Water-based has been substituted for solvent-based and oil-based paint campus wide where applicable. Oil-based paint is used only for high traffic areas, and bathrooms. All paints are lead-free.

3. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolongs equipment life.

4. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination. Funnels are dedicated to specific equipment to prevent cross contamination.

5. Paper with print on one-side is used for scrap paper. Water damage ceiling tiles are repainted and reused whenever possible.

6. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

7. Solvent waste is segregated to increase recyclability. Solvents are not evaporated from old paints. Old paints are bulked and surplused.

8. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

9. Aluminum, batteries, cardboard, glass, metal, oil, paper, Styrofoam, and wood are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Recycle D-cell batteries.

2. Photocopy reports on both sides of the paper.

3. Place solvent soaked rags in a flammable storage container for disposal as hazardous waste.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Preventive Maintenance is performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolongs equipment life. The carwash and bays have an oil water separator in place to minimize wastewater pollution.

3. Used antifreeze is reused to top off old machinery.

4. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

5. At least twelve inches of freeboard is maintained on the solvent parts washer to prevent evaporation.

6. Paper with print on one-side is used for scrap paper.

7. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Secondary containers are properly labeled. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions. Oil filters are drained for at least 24 hours before disposal.

8. Solvent waste is segregated to increase recyclability. Asbestos dust from brake jobs is captured and collected for proper disposal.

9. Bulk chemicals are directly pumped to lower the risk of spillage and pumps are dedicated to reduce cleaning. Spigots and funnels are used when dispensing materials to reduce the possibility of spills. Drip pans are used to collect oils and fluids. Hand cleaner is utilized, instead of mineral spirits to clean grimy hands.

10. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. The sink for hand washing has an automatic shut-off. The car wash has an automatic shut-off. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift. The car wash is automated.

11. Aluminum, batteries, cardboard, car parts and metal, oil, paper, and tires are recycled.

1. Recycle antifreeze, hydraulic oil, brake fluid, and oil filters.

2. Perform a periodic safety inspection to ensure compliance with the Hazard Communication Plan. This will reduce pollution by finding problems before they happen.

3. Replace the two solvent parts washers with a less toxic and environmentally friendly alternative.

4. Reuse empty 55-gallon drums for waste oil or waste antifreeze collection drums.

5. Place solvent soaked rags in a flammable storage container for disposal as hazardous waste.

6. Provide a catchment basin for the 500-gallon waste oil above ground storage tank.

7. Investigate the feasibility of reusing the car wash waste water.

8. Increase the mileage between oil and filter changes.

9. Substitute propylene for ethylene glycol antifreeze.

10. Investigate the use of a commercial laundry to service rags for reuse.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Contractors are specified to use water-based paint as a substitute for solvent-based and oil-based applications. Contractors are specified to use oil-based paints only for high traffic areas, and bathrooms. Contractors are specified to use paints that are lead-free.

3. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolongs equipment life.

4. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

5. Reports are photocopied on both sides of the paper. Paper with print on one-side is used for scrap paper.

6. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. All chemicals are used sparingly. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

7. Solvent waste is segregated to increase recyclability.

8. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

9. Aluminum, metal, and toner cartridges are recycled.

Recommendation

1. Explore alternatives to the ammonia blue print machine.

Current Practices

1. Lead free solders are used when working with plumbing for drinking water.

2. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolongs equipment life.

3. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

4. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

5. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

6. Aluminum, batteries, scrap metal, oil, and sheet metal are recycled.

Recommendation

1. Explore methods to reduce water flow in showers and toilets.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolongs equipment life.

3. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

4. Paper with print only on one-side is used for scrap paper. Reports are photocopied on both sides of paper.

5. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

6. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

7. Batteries, cardboard, paper, shell casings, old door hardware, and toner cartridges are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Recycle aluminum cans.

2. Explore using environmentally friendly bullets for target practice.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolongs equipment life.

3. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination. Process baths that spoil easily are protected by keeping them containerized. Fixer baths are covered to protect them from degradation.

4. An electronic imaging processor has been installed for plate making. This reduces the need for chemicals. Personal computers with commercial publishing capabilities are used to set up and edit jobs before printing. An Image setter is used to output images without the need to develop the negatives. A Plate Burner is used to make plates which uses a halide lamp instead of chemicals. Both sides of the plate are used for print making.

5. Paper with print only on one-side is used for scrap paper. Reports are photocopied on both sides of paper. Paper scraps are given to the Art Department for reuse. Bad batches of printed paper are reused to start-up of new batches. Cardboard boxes are reused as storage.

6. Plates and negatives are saved for one year, in case a minor changed is required or if duplication is needed.

7. Nine inks are used to mix colors, instead of buying individual colors. All chemicals are used sparingly. Secondary containers are properly labeled to reduce waste.

8. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

9. Soap or detergent solutions are used whenever possible. Solvents are used only for cleaning inks and oil.

10. Bulk chemicals are directly pumped to lower the risk of spillage and dedicated to reduce cleaning.

11. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift. The bookmaker has an automatic shut-off and the color copier has a standby mode.

12. A silver recovery unit is used to recover silver from the fixer before disposal. Aluminum, cardboard, film, oil, paper, silver, and toner cartridges are recycled.

Recommendations

1. A trial should be done with soy-based inks as a substitution for solvent-based inks in the printing press.

2. Instead of disposing of old ink, combine the used inks to make black or backprint ink, or blend in small amounts to regular inks when mixing or making colors.

3. Recycle plastic wrap.

4. Continue to substitute lass hazardous materials for hazardous materials whenever possible.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items that degrade quickly as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Substituted Caro-safe for formaldehyde as a preservative.

3. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolongs equipment life.

4. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

5. Reports are photocopied on both sides of the paper. Paper with print on one-side is used for scrap paper. Shredded paper is used as bedding for the rats. Old newspapers are reused to line the rat’s cages. E-mail for internal memos and other correspondence is used to reduce the amount of hard-copies generated.

6. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. Chemical volumes used in laboratory experiments are scaled down. Instruments are used more than wet chemistry. All chemicals are used sparingly. Waste destruction is the final procedure for many experiments; an example is the neutralization of acids. Secondary containers are properly labeled to reduce waste. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

7. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

8. Aluminum, cardboard, paper, Styrofoam, and toner cartridges are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Segregate solvent waste to increase recyclability.

2. Ensure that hazardous waste is disposed of properly.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolongs equipment life.

3. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

4. Reports are photocopied on both sides of the paper. Paper with print on one-side is used for scrap paper.

5. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. All chemicals are used sparingly. Secondary containers are properly labeled to reduce waste. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

6. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

7. A silver recovery unit is used to capture silver before disposing of fixers. Aluminum, cardboard, glass, paper, silver, and toner cartridges are recycled.

Recommendations

1. Substitute environmentally friendly magic markers (nontoxic) for volatile organic markers, whenever possible.

2. Recycle old film and negatives to recover the silver.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items that degrade quickly as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures.

2. Water based paint are substituted for solvent or oil-based paint, which in turn eliminate the need for mineral spirits. Nontoxic paints are used which are lead and cadmium free.

3. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolongs equipment life.

4. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination.

5. Reports and curriculums are photocopied on both sides of the paper. Paper with print on one-side is used for scrap paper. E-mail for internal memos and other correspondence is used to reduce the amount of hard-copies generated. Wood, nails, nuts, bolts, and any other building material used for props are reused until non-serviceable.

6. Containers are completely emptied to maximize raw materials. All chemicals are used sparingly. Secondary containers are properly labeled to reduce waste. Caps are placed on containers to prevent spills, collection of rain water, and reduce fugitive emissions.

7. Solvent waste is segregated to increase recyclability. Hazardous waste is disposed of properly.

8. Water conservation is utilized by turning off water when not in use and leaks are reported quickly. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

9. Aluminum, cardboard, and paper are recycled.

10. Asbestos-covered theater light cords have been replaced with non-asbestos cords.

Recommendations

1. Recycle toner cartridges.

2. Continue to explore possible reuses of sawdust.

Current Practices

1. Over stocking is limited by ordering items that degrade quickly as needed and rotating inventory utilizing first in, first out procedures. Minimum amounts are ordered.

2. Regular inspections are performed to find problems before they happen. This prevents leaks and prolongs equipment life. Stand-up fork trucks are inspected monthly when charged, and all other fork trucks are inspected weekly.

3. Raw materials are properly handled to avoid spills, leaks or contamination. Items are inspected for damage upon arrival.

4. Empty 55-gallon drums are returned to manufacture. Pallets are reused, then recycled.

5. Energy conservation is utilized by turning off power when not in use and powering down all equipment at the end of the work shift.

6. Toner cartridges are returned to the manufacturer for ink refills or sold as surplus. Aluminum, cardboard, metal, Styrofoam, and wood are recycled.

7. Surplus materials are sold. Items that no longer can be reused are sold at public auctions. This program began in July of 1995. Radford University sold 1647 lots in 1996. Items sold were tables, chairs, couches, computers and parts, printers, kitchen equipment, vehicles, exercise equipment, film projectors, televisions, VCRs, cameras, and unused chemicals to include: floor wax, buffers, and paint.

1. Recycle shrink wrap.

2. Explore the possibility of joining a waste exchange to reclaim or reuse unwanted materials.

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